Christian Music and Chris Tomlin

I would assemble to state that when inquired as to whether they would prefer to tune in to Christian or non-Christian music that everyone would pick the last mentioned. Christian music is viewed as having a dry and dull kind of style, one that calms you to rest as opposed to the adrenaline siphoning and soul shaking music that you get from most elective groups. An issue that Christian music craftsmen appear to have is attempting to assemble prevalence for their item. Dissimilar to the MTV groups, where sex sells, the Christian band holds near its estimations of clean healthy music that commends God. Lamentably everyone scarcely shares these equivalent perspectives, and participation for shows and record sells are consistently down. Up until a couple of days prior I was under the class of non-Christian music over Christian, and resembled every other person imagining that no potential for success could Christian craftsmen have up to the individuals who were most certainly not. I have since seen that these musings couldn't have been farther from reality. Specialists like Chris Tomlin and his band not just bring to you the cadence, beat, and clamor that has come to be commonly expected at live performances, however his sort of â€Å"soul shaking† goes a lot further than others and keeps you in tuned with the Lord the whole time. So this achieves the inquiries, â€Å"What kind of style do specialists like Chris Tomlin bring to their shows that heightens the general impression of Christian music? † â€Å"Where does Christian shows have benefits over non-Christian? † I was fortunate enough to go to a Christ Tomlin show this previous end of the week. Obviously the experience overwhelmed me alongside my view of Christian music. The environment was simply fantastic the whole time I was there; such a feeling of solidarity and kinship for one shared objective appeared to penetrate the room. The show itself occurred in the Nokia Center in Los Colinas, Texas, and there was no vacant seat in the room. Everybody there was with a shared objective, to laud Jesus with melody, and fortify their relationship with Jesus. One thing I discovered fascinating about this show was that Chris incorporated a visitor speaker. This is something you will not see at some other show. Louie Giglio was the speaker's name, and after and hour of singing he furnished a pleasant switch of gears with an incredible message discussing how huge God is and how little we are alongside our issues. Utilizing the tunes just sang, he beat in a training that realized an entirely different importance to those verses. There was a quietness that occupied that room not at all like any I had ever heard previously. Individuals were sitting focusing on the message that had recently been conveyed to them and attempting to comprehend its significance and how it applied to their life. You could never hear any kind of quiet at a non-Christian show, or be advantaged to tune in to a visitor speaker. More often than not it's perceiving how much brew you can drink, or weed you can smoke and possibly tuning in to some music from time to time. Never is your consideration centered exclusively around the stage following each word expressed or sung. Indeed, even with a room loaded with individuals the climate at a Christian show permits you in your psyche to be without anyone else with God. The nature of the music and sound was practically identical to any live performance that I had been to, eradicating my preference towards non-Christian music right away. Chris had a colossal voice, went with his guitar and piano playing he didn't be anything shy of astonishing. He had a decent gathering of folks playing nearby with him, all extremely maladroit in what they played. On the off chance that the verses hadn't been applauding Jesus you would have thought you had purchased passes to see Green Day. In the event that the singing and instrument play wasn't sufficient, Chris worked superbly of keeping the crowd into it. He would have the whole group do certain things, for example, flip open their PDAs and keep them up while influencing down and forward. 10,000 individuals' wireless lights were influencing to and fro making and magnificent exhibition and a feeling of holding time with God and one another. While singing was going on, pictures would be flashed up on the screen indicating nature's magnificence and Jesus on the cross. This helped individuals to remember God's creation and the penance that Jesus languished over us. The applauding never halted as individuals began to truly get into the show. Others were descending to the front of the stage and were bouncing all over with the cadence of the tune. Not simply adolescents, I'm discussing full developed people some in their mid-thirties to forties, hopping and hollering like it was some mosh pit at Ozfest. Rather than shouting obscenities however these individuals were applauding God. This sort of festivity appeared to carry on for one more hour or something like that, simply singing and moving, for the greatness of God. You could advise then that things were beginning to slow down as Chris played a couple moderate tunes in progression, and individuals began moving back to their seats. They finished with the tune â€Å"Indescribable† and towards the finish of the melody the stage went totally dark and you were unable to hear Chris sing any progressively just the group. At the point when the tune had completed the lights returned on and the band was no more. This motion struck me the most. You rarely observe a band stroll off without saying anything, or recognizing the praise by the crowd. It was on the grounds that it was critical to them. All the greatness is given to God there. God is the one that makes that show conceivable and they ensured that He was the one celebrated, not them. I asked my companion that I had went with, if this was the best Christian show he had been to. He reacted with, â€Å"Best? They are for the most part this way. † It is simply not Chris Tomlin that runs his show that way; numerous other Christian specialists share these equivalent perspectives. In spite of the fact that others despite everything guarantee that Christianity a clique and that its music is simply advancing a solitary view. Whatever the explanation, Christianity must be praised for the mammoth jumps it has taken in the music business and the nature of its melodies. Artists like Chris Tomlin must keep on being a signal as a quality entertainer and God-dreading man to those looking for progress as Christian music craftsmen.

The American Dream Essays (400 words) - The Great Gatsby

The American Dream In The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald utilizes many rehashed references to time so as to cause to notice the supposed American Dream, which is something Jay Gatsby woefully wants in this novel. Time is the most significant theme in The Great Gatsby, the word itself seems multiple times! Gatsby is continually endeavoring to return to that ideal second in time is to recover Daisy's heart. These time references are communicated through all the abstract strategies. A few scenes which represent time are when Gatsby thumps over the clock and his rundown of popular gathering visitors composed on a timetable. Time itself is a disintegration, and in this manner represents the incongruity of the American Dream, another disintegration. Over the long haul, Gatsby and his goals for understanding this Dream appear to float more distant and more remote separated. Others in the novel are making progress toward this energetic objective also. Myrtle (who's name is a toxic weed vine, that endeavors to climb) figures she can discover it through affection; love of Tom Buchanan's cash. The yellow-gold vehicle that murdered her (gold speaking to wealth) is actually her enthusiasm for everything materialistic breaking her fantasy. George Wilson, presumably the most genuine character in the book, additionally thinks the response to finding the fantasy is love, yet genuine love; for Myrtle, and himself. At the point when he thinks Gatsby has murdered his adoration, he executes him and afterward himself, realizing that his variant of the fantasy is out of reach. The two individuals who genuinely seem to live the fantasy are Tom and Daisy. Be that as it may, they undermine one another and have no affection for each other. What sort of dream is that? Jay Gatsby tossed indulgent gatherings so as to see Daisy, who never appeared (But, on the other hand neither did he). He looked out of his manor, a simple duplicate of magnificence, and viewed different visionaries spend their time.And concerning time, the novel starts with the expression: In my more youthful and increasingly helpless years... what's more, closes with ...borne bck unendingly into the past. Both stress the ignificance of time. The main commendation Nick pays tsby shows how the American Dream isn't so substantial in theGreat Gatsby. As Nick is going out, he shoutsfrom the lawn,They're a spoiled crowd....you're worth thewhole pack set up. l on the whole, time has dissolved every one of these characters' discernment of the American Dream. English Essays

Reuse Poetry

Reuse Poetry I got it on Reuse, people say, with the emphasis in the word falling on the re-. When I see the word elsewhere and say reuse in my head, Im reminded of the times I said UROP and my grandparents thought I was mispronouncing the name of a continent, or the way I refused to call class and majors by their course numbers my first few weeks here, because it felt elitist to speak in a code no one outside MIT could understand. I gave in. I now speak in numbers and nicknames and mailing lists. Reuse is a mailing list for giving things away. People email out, describing what theyve left where, and people scurry to claim it and carry it away. Theres a whole region of the pika basement called Reuse, where people leave what they dont need or want, and take what they do (a good portion of my clothing comes from or goes to pika reuse. I have also obtained from it a nice floor lamp, a little bookcase, and fancy sunscreen. I have also seen some much stranger things in there.) There are a few legends of extraordinary Reuse scores, and tales of Reuse gone wrong, but most of it is pretty mundane. The author of MIT Reuse Poetry takes Reuse emails, adds line breaks, and makes poems that are sometimes pretty, sometimes mundane, and sometimes leave you with the feeling you have looked into someones life through their belongings, or seen the chaos of the world through a jumble of discarded items. Some are funny, some are weird, and some make me sad but I cant tell why. Some I scroll past without reading, like I do with most of my emails. Below, for your entertainment: five Reuse poems, straight from the tumblr. Effluvia Appearing shortly on the bench outside of the first floor nautical museum is a box containing, but not limited to: Keyboards Dell/Apple/wireless Microsoft Cables (various usb ones) Juicy fruit tin (no actual gum inside) Devil guy from Fantasia (tiny desk thing) James dean pin Pocket bike racer (Xbox game) Reusable Target bag Pocket translator mini computer thing Star Wars republic commando (this reuse pile is cashing in on the latest Star Wars mania) Clipboard that is also a box that clips shut with pencil compartment 2x 512mb pc3200 ddr A thing your aunt gave you that you don’t know what it is Come and get it. Post if you take something and save someone else the trip. We aren’t savages here. Felt Felt on bench by 1-132 Red, dark brown, and the color of some humans’ flesh A bag of ice melt It’s a 50-pound bag that’s about half full. A red chairâ€"kind of a like a Papasan, with a metal frame. A bag of moss. A stand fan, operational status unknown.

The Relationship between the Polio Vaccine and AIDS in Africa

In the late 1950s, several groups of researches and scientists were developing some vaccines against polio. At that time, polio was still an epidemic worldwide disease. One of these vaccines, made by Dr. Hilary Koprowski MD (1916-2013) was used to test it on millions of people in Africa, after first being trailed in the USA. The vaccine virus was grown in tissue cultures taken from macaque monkeys before being introduced to millions of people , who were largely living in Burundi, Rwanda, and Congo (now, the Democratic Republic of the Congo) from 1957 to 1960. In 1992, Rolling Stone magazine published a story that argued about the oral polio vaccine (OPV), which was developed by Hilary Koprowski as a possible source of the HIV as well as the AID epidemic. In December 1993, Dr. Koprowski sued Rolling Stone and the writer of the article, and the clarification statement is been issued in the magazine, saying that the editors of Rolling Stone wish to explain that they never intended to su ggest in the article that there is any logical proof, nor do they have enough knowledge of any scientific evidence, that Dr. Koprowski, a famous scientist, was in fact the one who introduced the HIV to a large number of human population or that he is the father of AIDS epidemic†¦. Dr. Koprowskis pioneering work in developing oral polio vaccines has assisted spare suffering and death to hundreds of thousands of possible victims of paralytic poliomyelitis and is maybe one of his greatestShow MoreRelatedVaccine Requirements : Vaccine Requirement Rights1149 Words   |  5 PagesAshley Chavez-Muniz Breonna Thompson Krystal Egbuchunam Ms. Anderson 5 May, 2016 Vaccine Requirement Rights I. Introduction â€Å"For just a few dollars a dose, vaccines save lives and help reduce poverty. Unlike medical treatment, they provide a lifetime of protection from deadly and debilitating disease. They are safe and effective. They cut health care and treatment costs, reduce the number of hospital visits, and ensure healthier children, families and communities† (Berkley). Parents believe thatRead MoreGates : A Famous American Entrepreneur, Computer Programmer, Inventor And Philanthropist1638 Words   |  7 Pagesa schoolteacher. Mary dropped the job as a teacher later, to raise the children. â€Å"Bill had a very close relationship with his mother, Mary,†¦She would often take Bill along when she volunteered in schools and at community organizations†(â€Å"Bill Gates† Bio.com). Gates has two siblings; one older sister, Kristianne Gates, and one younger sister, Libby Gates. His parents encouraged competition between their children. As a child, Gates was an avid reader. He is known to have read through an EncyclopediaRead MoreThe Fight Against Infectious Disease7655 Words   |  31 PagesBy saving millions of lives and millions of dollars, vaccines have been responsible for some of the greatest successes in public health. However, the struggle against infectious disease is a continual process requiring new vaccines for the challenges that may confront human health in the future. The vaccine market is fragile and requires both supply and demand side interventions. Vaccine availability has been limited by the number of suppliers, high RD and production costs, and safety problems leadingRead MoreVaccines Do Not Cause Autism Essay3070 Words   |  13 PagesVaccines have been used to prevent diseases for centuries, and have saved countless lives of children and adults. The smallpox vaccine was invented as early as 1796, and since then the use of vaccines has continued to protect us from countless life threatening diseases such as polio, measles, and pertussis. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2010) assures that vaccines are extensively tested by scientist to make sure they are effective and safe, and must receive the approval of theRead MoreGlaxosmithkline18561 Words   |  75 Pagesspecial importance to developing countries, including: Anti-malaria drugs Zentel (albendazole), for de-worming and the prevention of lymphatic filariasis Pentosam, against leishmaniasis Anti-retrovirals (ARVs) for the treatment of HIV/AIDS Tuberculosis drugs Vaccines for developing countries Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) CSR refers to the responsibility of a company for the social, ecological and economic impacts of its operations. GSK follows a proactive and comprehensive CSR approachRead MoreEssay on Study Guide: Microbiology 2964 Words   |  12 Pages Normal Microbiotica or normal flora. Pick up shortly after birth, canal, inoculated by people and surroundings; no two are the same; lives on us at all times, harder to wash away than transient flora symbiotic relationship – two or more organisms living together (fungus and algus=lichen) Mutualism - all benefit (E. Coli makes vitamin K) Commensalism – one benefits, the other is not harmed (cattle, birds, grass) Read MoreMergers Acquisitions in Pharma Industry21425 Words   |  86 PagesOpportunities 2.2.6 FDI in Indian pharma 2.2.7 Strategy and Trends 2.2.8 Research and Development 2.2.9 SWOT Analysis 2.2.10 Mergers and Acquisitions in Pharma 2.2.11 Good Opportunities for ‘big pharma’ References Chapter Three-Merger between Glaxo Wellcome Smithkline Beecham 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Merger rationale 3.2.1 Rapid advances in Science and Technology 3.2.2 The growing importance of marketing power 3.2.3 The emergence of patients as consumers 3.3 Merger BenefitsRead MoreGsk Annual Report 2010135604 Words   |  543 Pages2010. 10 10 new compounds and vaccines starting phase III clinical trials since the start of 2010. 14% We are committed to improving returns in RD, aiming to increase our estimated return on investment in this area to 14%. c.1bn Units of Lucozade, Ribena and Horlicks manufactured in the UK every year. 2 New Consumer Healthcare Research and Innovation centres opened in China and India. Vaccines Emerging markets 1.4bn Doses of our vaccines supplied to 179 countries aroundRead MoreStandard Costing Procedure and Cost Variance Analysis of Glaxosmithkline Bangladesh Ltd13705 Words   |  55 Pagesbased on the standard Costing Procedure and Cost Variance Analysis of GlaxoSmithKline Bangladesh Ltd. The purpose of this research is to understand how the standard costs of different cost elements are being determined and how the cost variances between standard performance and actual performance are calculated. The other purpose of this research is also to determine the weaknesses of the standard costing procedure and cost variance analysis. From the view point of function this was a descriptiveRead MoreThesis on Infant Mortality15647 Words   |  63 Pagesalong with the poor government commitment for improving health status of its nation. Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 6 focuses on improving maternal health, with target 5 aiming to reduce the child and infant mortality ratio by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015. Like many developing countries Pakistan too, is facing with problems of high infant mortality especially, in the rural areas. So this study was focused to explore the determinants of infant mortality in the, â€Å"Warayamal†, a village

My Sister s Keeper Film Review Essay - 1433 Words

My Sister’s Keeper is a film that follows the life of an incredibly unique family and the individual trials and perspectives they have due to their rare family situation. The Fitzgerald family is defined as a two-parent biological family because their family consists of a father, a mother, and their two biological daughters and a biological son. The oldest daughter, Kate, was diagnosed with leukemia at a young age. After discovering that Brian, Sara, and Jesse were not matches to help Kate, her parents were advised to go through with an IVF process that would create a nearly perfect match for Kate. This child, Anna, was created in order to supply the tissues, organs, and blood that are necessary in keeping Kate alive. All seems to be well until Anna decides that she does not want to fulfill the role of being her sister’s keeper any longer and files for medical emancipation. No family is perfect, but Anna even mentions that her family is definitely a dysfunctional one. T heir dysfunctionality comes from their lack of communication with one another due, in large part, to Kate’s leukemia. â€Å"Relationships, no matter how committed, change continuously, and communication both affects and reflects these changes. The passage of time brings with it predictable and unpredictable crises, which take their toll on family regularity and stability,† (Galvin, Braithwaite, Bylund, 2015, p. 27). Health problems can play a huge role in changing family dynamics over time, and death isShow MoreRelatedCase Studies13817 Words   |  56 PagesReyna. Discussion Questions: * Was Reyna treated fairly in the situation? * Was the venture capitalist firm ethically wrong by lying about the amount o f funding? * Is it Reynas fault for not looking into the company or is it the company s fault for misleading Reyna? CASE STUDY #5 (SHOULD COLLABORATE WITH #6) The Case of Bad News The new CEO of a corporation learns that he has inherited problems with growth and profitability. A four-day workweek and, eventually, layoffs prove necessaryRead MoreLangston Hughes Research Paper25309 Words   |  102 Pageslike the Euphrates, the Congo, and Nile rivers, symbolized the life blood of black people who had built civilizations upon river banks. On the back of an envelope, Hughes wrote a free verse poem, The Negro Speaks of Rivers that ends with the line, My soul has grown deep like the rivers. During the following year, Hughes soul did grow deeper as he expanded his knowledge of the world and gained confidence in himself as a writer. In Toluca, Langston found that his father had a new housekeeperRead MoreThe Five Dysfunctions of a Team a Leadership Fable46009 Words   |  185 Pages01_960756_ffirs_16.qxd 1/13/06 8:57 AM Page iii The Five Dysfunctions of aTeam A L E A D E R S H I P FA B L E Patrick Lencioni 01_960756_ffirs_16.qxd 1/13/06 8:57 AM Page ii 01_960756_ffirs_16.qxd 1/13/06 8:57 AM Page i Also by Patrick Lencioni Leadership Fables The Five Temptations of a CEO The Four Obsessions of an Extraordinary Executive Death by Meeting Silos, Politics, and Turf Wars Field Guide Overcoming the Five Dysfunctions of a Team Read MoreConfucianism in Journey to the West31834 Words   |  128 Pagesadaptations of Wu Cheng’en’s novel appeared on-screen, one of which this thesis will review: the 1986 television series Journey to the West, directed by Yang Jie (æ  ¨Ã¦ ´ ). This series is the novels most successful and most popular television adaptation up until today, and there are still Chinese television channels that show daily reruns of the series. I was first introduced to Sun Wukong and his adventures during my one year stay in Beijing in 2009. As a regular of a small local restaurant, I witnessedRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 PagesStudents of The Chartered Institute of Marketing who are preparing for the Marketing Planning paper in the CIM’s Diploma examinations âž ¡ Marketing practitioners who will benefit from a comprehensive review of current thinking in the field of strategic marketing planning, implementation and control. Richard M S Wilson Colin Gilligan Overview of the book’s structure 1 Introduction Stage One Where are we now? Strategic and marketing analysis 2 Marketing auditing and the analysis of capability Read MoreSda Manual Essay101191 Words   |  405 Pagespermission. Texts credited to RV are from The Holy Bible, Revised Version, Oxford University Press, 1911. Printed in U.S.A. 09 08 07 06 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 0-8280-1947-9 ISBN 0-8280-1948-7 hardcover paperback Printed and distributed by the Review and Herald ® Publishing Association Hagerstown, Maryland 21740 Table of Contents Introduction ...................................................................................... xix Historical Development of the Seventh-day Adventist ChurchRead MoreBrand Building Blocks96400 Words   |  386 PagesBRAND BUILDING BLOCKS Building Strong Brands: Why Is It Hard? It is not easy to build brands in today s environment. The brand builder who attempts to develop a strong brand is like a golfer playing on a course with heavy roughs, deep sand traps, sharp doglegs, and vast water barriers. It is difficult to score well in such conditions. Substantial pressures and barriers, both internal and external, can inhibit the brand builder. To be able to develop effective brand strategies, it is useful to

Best Solution Free Essays

To Inform and persuade your audience that a specific problem exists, It Is serious, and It affects them. Time: 6-8 minutes Topic: Choose a topic that interests you and would probably interest your audience (the class). Consider what your audience already knows about this topic and what their attitude about this topic will be. We will write a custom essay sample on Best Solution or any similar topic only for you Order Now Do not choose something the audience already knows a lot about. This topic must be presented in a persuasive manner; if the majority of your speech Is informative, you will fail this speech. Requirements: You must Inform and persuade the audience of a position on a topic you have researched. – You must Identify a problem, explain several possible solutions (preferably 3 or more), and then convince your audience of the best overall solution. Identify the opposition, then defeat it with your position’s/view’s support. – You must use at least one technology-based visual aid (ELM with 2 or more pix, chart, diagram, etc†¦ Power Point, video (Youth or DVD/VS..), or other audio/visual aids, etc†¦ Oh may use additional non-technology based visual aids if you want) – must prepare type an outline, to be turned in right before you present. Must orally cite at least four published or copyrighted sources as support. – must type a Works Cited of your sources to be turned in with your outline. – may use no more than TWO note cards (ex.) – keywords or phrases only! – write out your entire speech word for word on t he note cards! You DO NOT *You must have teacher approval for your topic, and you will not present the same topic as another student. Oh do not complete this speech, you will NOT receive credit for the course, regardless of your current grade. Persuasive Problem-solution Where do I start? Problem – Convince us the problem exists and Is serious! Use persuasive language and powerful, colorful word choice to make a major impact on your audience (especially with Pathos) Examples: If we do not do something†¦ We must recognize†¦ †¦ Wiped from existence. †¦ Slow, agonizing and painful death (then show VA) †¦ Perished forever. State an opinion then a fact to back it up, or a fact then an opinion with either a persuasive tone Word use a rhetorical question. – If we do not do something about the AIDS epidemic, entire generations and races will be wiped from existence. We must recognize that life is about more than money and cars; our world, our future is in grave danger. OPINION] Millions have perished from this disease, and it is projected that by the year 2014, 60 million more people will die a slow, agonizing and painful death. So by the time some of you graduate from high school or college, the Indianapolis population will be destroyed over 60 times or the world will bury over 17,143 North Central-sized schools. [FACT] – Millions have perished from this disease, and it is projected that by the year 2014, 60 million more people will die a slow, agonizing and painful death. So by the time some of you graduate from high school or college, the Indianapolis population ill be destroyed over 60 times or the world will bury over 17,143 North Central-sized schools. FACT] If we do not do something about the AIDS epidemic, entire generations and races will be wiped from existence. We must recognize that life is about more than money and cars; our world, our future is in grave danger. Or is life just not that precious to you? [OPINION] You do not have to overload your speech with lots of numbers and facts – 2-3 good opinions with facts to back up the opinion or 2-3 facts with connecting opinions, like th e examples provided, are all you need. Solution – You can use solutions that are already out there, but not currently in use. You Just have to work out the kinks; meaning, why are these solutions not being used? Then, decide on the best solution to this problem – is it one thing or is it a combination off couple of the stated solutions. Show us pictures of the world with (and possibly without) the problem. Be very visual and descriptive Paint us a mental picture with your words. What should we (as society) expect after your solution is implemented? Action – Give us contact information- hotness numbers, shelters, government agencies ND advocates, web addresses, postal addresses, etc†¦ How to cite Best Solution, Papers

The Sunne Rising Essays - Congo Free State, Charles Marlow

The Sunne Rising Heart of Darkness-?Conrad in the Congo-Background and Sources? The walls between insanity and sanity are often paper thin in ones own mind. Joseph Conrad's novel, ?Heart of Darkness,? exemplifies this wall, or realm, through the manipulation of his character's narration. Initially, the narrative simply appears to be a reflection of Conrad's style. However, as the story unfolds one may notice that the language and style can be interpreted as a literary tool. A tool that effectively illustrates the gradual deterioration, paranoia, and unresolvable confusion that man can experience when entering mysterious modes of consciousness; as Marlowe does in the African Congo. Conrad himself was subjected to the isolation and darkness of the Congo when he made his own journey through Africa. The complicated rhythm of the narrative with its quotations within quotations allows us, the reader, to partly understand, if not experience, the desolate feeling of loss and isolation that Marlowe is feeling as he is travelling through the Congo. Although Marlowe claims to be sane; the way in which he speaks is often contradictory, and his thoughts seem to suggest that he suffers from perpetual paranoia. Overall, Conrad brings into being a character in Marlowe who is suffering from an, ?attitude that recognizes the unresolvable confusion of the human world, and grasps outward at anything made to appear firm or familiar--reason, God, nation, authority(Solomon, 1) For Marlowe, the point of firmness is Kurts, who he looks to with absolute adoration and searches to be at the same level. The use of Conrad's narrative is an ingenious tool to demonstrate the mindset of the men that were hired to explore Africa.

Campi Flegrei, Italy essays

Campi Flegrei, Italy essays In the shadows of the renowned volcano Vesuvio lies the volcano of Campi Flegrei. Though it is not as clearly visible as Vesuvio, it is considered on of the most dangerous volcanoes in Italy. Hazards are currently present in the Campi Flegrei area becasue of the dense population in the area and continuing unrest within the caldera and in its immediate surroundings. The Campi Flegrei is recognized for a phenomenon called "bradyseism" which is the alternating uplift and sinking of the ground within the caldera. Ther hacve been several dramatic uplifts in the past 300 years, with the most recent uplifts in the 1970's and 1980's. Two extremely violent explosive eruptions have occurred in the Campi Flegrei are during the past 50 kA, producing the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff. The most recent eruptions have not been as immense and were characterized as small to moderate. The most recent uplifts, however, have not been followed by eruptions, but have caught the attention of many people who have made concentrated efforts to better understand such elaborate volcanic systems. The damage caused by these uplifts has lead to detailed hazard assessments for those living in the vicinity of Campi Flegrei. Campi Flegrei is considered a potentially dangerous volcanic area. There are a large number of people in the area, particularly in the towns of Pozzuoli , Napoli, and several smaller surrounding villages and towns. The presence of this large population presents an immense problem to authorities and scientists concerned with the constant threat of danger. Pozzuoli is located near the Solfatara crater and above deposits of numerous past eruptions. Napoli, with a population of about two million, is situated strangely between Campi Flegrei and Vesuvio, both of which left their deposits in the city area. Napoli also has a small volcanic center in its southwest region. Though many assume these volcanic centers a ...

Chicana Feminist Writer Gloria Anzaldua

Chicana Feminist Writer Gloria Anzaldua Feminist Gloria Anzaldua was a guiding force in the  Chicano and Chicana movement  and  lesbian/queer theory.  She was a poet, activist, theorist, and teacher who lived from September 26, 1942, to May 15, 2004. Her writings blend styles, cultures, and languages, weaving together poetry, prose, theory, autobiography, and experimental narratives. Life in the Borderlands Gloria Anzaldua was born in the Rio Grande Valley of South Texas in 1942. She described herself as a Chicana/Tejana/lesbian/dyke/feminist/writer/poet/cultural theorist, and these identities were just the beginning of the ideas she explored in her work. Gloria Anzaldua was the daughter of a Spanish American and an American Indian. Her parents were farm workers; during her youth, she lived on a ranch, worked in the fields and became intimately aware of the Southwest and South Texas landscapes. She also discovered that Spanish speakers existed on the margins in the United States. She began to experiment with writing and gain awareness of social justice issues. Gloria Anzaldua’s book Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza, published in 1987, is the story of existence in several cultures near the Mexico/Texas border. It is also the story of Mexican-Indian history, mythology, and cultural philosophy. The book examines physical and emotional borders, and its ideas range from Aztec religion to the role of women in Hispanic culture to how lesbians find a sense of belonging in a straight world. The hallmark of Gloria Anzaldua’s work is the interweaving of poetry with prose narrative. The essays interspersed with poetry in Borderlands/La Frontera reflect her years of feminist thought and her non-linear, experimental manner of expression. Feminist Chicana Consciousness Gloria Anzaldua received her bachelor’s degree in English from the University of Texas-Pan American in 1969 and a master’s in English and Education from the University of Texas at Austin in 1972. Later in the 1970s, she taught a course at UT-Austin called â€Å"La Mujer Chicana.† She said that teaching the class was a turning point for her, connecting her to the queer community, writing and feminism. Gloria Anzaldua moved to California in 1977, where she devoted herself to writing. She continued to participate in political activism, consciousness-raising, and groups such as the Feminist Writers Guild. She also looked for ways to build a multicultural, inclusive feminist movement. Much to her dissatisfaction, she discovered there were very few writings either by or about women of color.   Some readers have struggled with the multiple languages in her writings – English and Spanish, but also variations of those languages. According to Gloria Anzaldua, when the reader does the work of piecing together fragments of language and narrative, it mirrors the way feminists must struggle to have their ideas heard in a patriarchal society. The Prolific 1980s Gloria Anzaldua continued to write, teach, and travel to workshops and speaking engagements throughout the 1980s. She edited two anthologies that collected the voices of feminists of many races and cultures. This Bridge Called My Back: Writings by Radical Women of Color was published in 1983 and won the Before Columbus Foundation American Book Award. Making Face Making Soul/Haciendo Caras: Creative and Critical Perspectives by Feminists of Color was published in 1990. It included writings by famous feminists such as Audre Lorde and Joy Harjo, again in fragmented sections with titles such as â€Å"Still Trembles our Rage in the Face of Racism† and â€Å"(De)Colonized Selves. Other Life Work Gloria Anzaldua was an avid observer of art and spirituality and brought these influences to her writings as well. She taught throughout her life and worked on a doctoral dissertation, which she was unable to finish due to health complications and professional demands. UC Santa Cruz later awarded her a posthumous Ph.D. in literature. Gloria Anzaldua won many awards, including the National Endowment for the Arts Fiction Award and the Lambda Lesbian Small Press Book Award. She died in 2004 from complications related to diabetes. Edited by Jone Johnson Lewis

Hyperinflation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hyperinflation - Essay Example There is great debate regarding the growth of money supply as the cause of the inflation. According to the large section of the economists, there is a strong correlation between the inflation and growth in the money supply. In that case, hyperinflation can be considered as the ultimate case of the money supply growth over the intensification in the production of the domestic goods and services. The reason behind the excess growth of money supply is relatively higher spending of money by the government in comparison to the collection of the taxes and charges. It further leads to the printing of more money to bridge the gap between the expenditures and the revenues. This excess creation of the money by the government is the root of increment of the demand in the economy which directly enhances the price level. Besides that surplus money supply can generate demand for the imported products instead of having a constraint in the foreign currency supply. Eventually it results in depreciati ng the local currency (Web Archieve, â€Å"Hyperinflation: Causes, Cures†). It has already been discussed that the paper is focused on the economy of Zimbabwe. Therefore, an in-depth analysis of the cause of hyperinflation in the nation and its effect will be demonstrated in the paper, but prior to that the global history of hyperinflation is exhibited below in a tabular format. In the above exhibited table the worst hyperinflations in the countries has been exhibited. Simultaneously, it also demonstrated a comparative analysis of the chosen country and the other countries in the world. Zimbabwe experienced hyperinflation for the first time in the 21st century. In this paper, it has been intended to produce the reliable record of the hyperinflation in Zimbabwe, which has been considered as the second highest inflation in the world history and one of the worst economic conditions in the world. Zimbabwe contravened the hyperinflation benchmark first in

Environmental politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Environmental politics - Essay Example â€Å"Environmental politics examines the evolution of environmental movements and parties, it provides analysis of the making and implementation of public policy in the area of the environment at international, national and local levels† (Environmental Politics) There are so many different laws agreed between different countries to protect environment. Kyoto protocol and Montreal protocol are international agreements signed by most of the countries. At the same time the sincerity of these countries in implementing Kyoto protocol and Montreal protocol is suspicious. Most of the countries are blaming others for their own failures in implementing the environmental protection treaties. Implementation of these environmental protection treaties may result in some economic losses to a country. In short, â€Å"The lack of progress on tackling climate change internationally is due to states economic interests†. This paper analyzes environment politics and the commitments and sincerity of the countries in tackling the climate change problems. According to Sprinz, & Vaahtoranta (1994), â€Å"States are not equally affected by atmospheric pollution†(Sprinz, & Vaahtoranta, p. 79). One of the major problems associated with environmental pollution is the fact that some countries were victimized by other countries. We can fix boundaries for our country with respect to the land, we can conserve our land properties from any kind of intrusions; however, it is difficult to block the intrusion of toxic gases from other countries. In other words, even if we are sincere in protecting our environment, it is not necessary that our efforts would be completely successful because of the intrusion of polluted air from our neighboring countries. It is quite possible that those countries which are more responsible for environmental problems may escape from the consequences whereas their neighbors may suffer from that. â€Å"A victim country A, that is, a country that is

Whats Eating Gilbert Grape Film Review Film Studies Essay

Whats Eating Gilbert Grape Film Review Film Studies Essay Societys ideological constructs and attitudes towards minority groups are created and reinforced through media imagery. Although negative associations that maintain inequities with regard to race, gender and homophobia (Conner Bejoian, 2006) have been somewhat relieved, disability is still immersed in harmful connotations that restrict and inhibit the life of people with disabilities in our society. Disability has appeared frequently in recent films (Byrd Elliot, 1988), a reflection of societys interest in the subject. These films often misrepresent disability using stereotypes. These stereotypes reinforce negative and incorrect social perceptions of, and attitudes towards, disabled people (Safran, 2000). By studying these films we can begin to reshape the wrong and negative accepted ideas of disability in society. Film analysis can show students how the medium manipulates images which continue stereotypes and cause stigma (Livingstone, 2004). Film can be used to confront students with their prejudices (Chellew, 2000, p.26), challenging them to accept new ways of thinking realising that disability is a result of the social attitudes and expectations placed on certain people by society (Ellis, 2003; Meekosha, 2003). Whats Eating Gilbert Grape is a film by director Lasse Hallstrà ¶m about a young man looking after his developmentally disabled brother and his dysfunctional family in a small American town. This paper will critically examine this movie using Richard Dyers four senses of representation, as cited in Harnett (2000), as a framework. With a focus on the disabled character Arnie, the analysis will identify and discuss the ways the film reinforces limiting stereotypes about disability. Finally, the implications of the analysis for use in an educational setting to raise awareness of the representations identified will be discussed. Re-presentation, as the first sense of representation, refers to how television or other visual media re-present our society back to us (Dyer cited in Harnett, 2000). Through the use of artistic expression and technical elements neither true reality nor an entirely false account is portrayed. Dyer states that reality is always more extensive and complicated than any system of representation can comprehend (Titchkosky, 2003, p. 134). In societys media, the world is generally simplified or typically presented in a way that is most beneficial for the medium. The presence of disability in a film is often used for storytelling (Raynor and Hayward, 2009). In Whats Eating Gilbert Grape, Arnies disability is constructed as an emphasis of the film. The film relies greatly on the dramatic power of the disability alone (p. 23) to move the narrative forward. The selection and focus of particular aspects of Arnies life and his disability are used to explain his actions and evoke reactions from the audience. For example, when his fear of jumping in the water is overcome, it creates a feel-good factor. Also, the focus on his inability to cope, generates a sense of pity from the audience such as in one particular scene when Gilbert leaves Arnie to get out of the bath by himself, only to discover him still in the bath, cold and shivering, in the morning. Dyers second sense of representation refers to the application of common stereotypes that have been recognised for characters with disabilities in film. These stereotypes create one dimensional characters with limited emotions, where the disability comes first and the person second, justifying differential treatment and segregation (Black, 2004). Some of the negative representations identified by Safran (2000) as stereotypical for disabled characters will now be applied to the character of Arnie. As mentioned above, the portrayal of Arnies character demands a feeling of pity from the audience. This stereotype communicates disability as a problem of social, physical and emotional confinement (Hayes Black, 2003, p.114). In Whats Eating Gilbert Grape, Arnie has no friends and is restricted to the confines of the porch of his family home. Whenever he tries to escape (usually to the water tower), he is ultimately returned back to this position of subordination under the care of others, which is typical of this stereotype (Hayes Black, 2003). A most common stereotype depicted of disabled characters is that of a super-man (Safran, 2000) or supercrip (Harnett, 2000), where a disabled character overcomes massive odds to beat or succeed in defeating their disability to become normal. The character is often seen as a hero to have made such progress. Although Arnie does not reflect a hero status, his character is beating his disability by the very fact that he is still alive. In the opening scenes of the movie, Gilberts narration lets the audience know that doctors said wed be lucky if Arnie lived to be ten, well ten came and went (Matalon, Ohlsson, Teper Hallstrà ¶m, 1993), implying Arnies triumph over tragedy. He defies death that would be otherwise be brought about by his disability. Although not a thematic stereotype reinforced throughout this whole film, it is typical of a disabled character to be represented as a victim or object of violence (Safran, 2000). At the climax of the film, Gilberts overwhelming frustration and anger of his life situation overflows into a violent episode directed at Arnie. On occasions throughout the film, Arnie is portrayed as an innocent a victim or object of violence from his younger sister and, in this rare case mentioned above, from his brother Gilbert. Another stereotype of disability presented, albeit only slightly, however still present, is that of being laughable (Safran, 2000) or the disability creating an atmosphere of curiosity that is aroused by differentness. This stereotype is usually more prevalent in comics, horror movies or science fiction films and related to physical impairments, which often portray disabled characters as freaks and exotic creatures (Smith, 1999). However, in Whats Eating Gilbert Grape, its Arnies unusual actions within the community that attracts attention. When he is perched high up on the water tower ladder, it becomes a fascination to many onlookers, who crowd below the tower to observe the spectacle with curiosity, as Smith (1999) puts it, his abnormal behaviour is exploited as it would a carnival sideshow (p. 42). The most prevalent stereotype of a disabled character represented in Whats Eating Gilbert Grape is the stereotype of a burden. This representation is the major narrative driving force. In the opening scenes, referring to Arnie, Gilbert quotes some days you want him live, some days you dont (Matalon, Ohlsson, Teper Hallstrà ¶m, 1993), reflecting the huge burden that is placed on the Grape family, particularly Gilbert, to care for his disabled brother. The burden of Arnie is also extended to the community, where the local police have to continuously retrieve Arnie from the ladder of the towns water tower. Dyers third sense of representation of refers to the representation of who is speaking for whom (Harnett, 2000). Whats Eating Gilbert Grape is written by an able-bodied writer, directed by an able-bodied director and has a disabled character acted by, Leonardo Di Caprio, an able-bodied actor. On a study into disabled actors, Raynor and Hayward (2007) discuss how disabled actors work is restricted to disabled character roles and suggest their struggle to find work is partly due to able-bodies actors being cast in those roles. Marks (1999) suggests the reason for not employing disabled people is that it is reassuring for the viewer to know that its only pretend' (p. 160). In Whats Eating Gilbert Grape the audience knows Leonardo Di Caprio is not really disabled, he presents as non-threatening and comforting, perhaps allowing the audience to relieve fears or ignore the reality of disability. Dyers fourth sense of representation questions how the represented image is interpreted by the audience (Harnett, 2000). It refers to how the intended meaning by those who produce the film can be lost or skewed when observed from a different point of view. When Peter Hedges, the writer of Whats Eating Gilbert Grape comments on his wishes for the film he states I would hope that people might view their fellow beings with more empathy, more compassion and a desire to understand (Malony, 2002, p.10). Although an encouraging and optimistic aspiration, the perspective of the film from people with disabilities would certainly be different. The discussion above demonstrates that the representations of disability in Whats Eating Gilbert Grape generates themes of incapability and total dependence on others to survive- Arnie cannot live without Gilbert, and Gilbert is stuck caring for Arnie indefinitely. By analysing the representations of disability presented in Whats Eating Gilbert Grape we can clearly see the negative associations put forward. Livingstone (2004) suggests that as educators we can use such inaccuracies and stereotypical images as assets rather than liabilities (p.119). By studying the ways disabilities are represented in films students can develop awareness of specific disability imagery (Safran, 2000, p.46) and learn about what the causes the stigma and lack of inclusion that haunt the disabled community. Safran (2000) insists when using films in education, it must be done with focused, reflective viewing (p.46) which promotes critical engagement, helping students question the cultural ideals created by the prevailing constructions offered in film (Arndt, 2010). An appropriate educational setting for the use of analysing Whats Eating Gilbert Grape would be in high school. Feldman states (cited in Arndt, 2010) that high school students are able to think beyond the concrete, current situation to what might or could be. Specifically, an effective starting point of a critical analysis with students would involve the deconstruction (Safran, 1998) of Arnies character, identifying the stereotypes portrayed and exploring correct representations of developmental disability. The reaction of the community to Arnie and his disability would also be beneficial to examine. Students would explore how the community views Arnie and what attitudes would be more appropriate to promote acceptance and inclusion. Using films to teach are effective because they are a highly motivational (Brown, 2005; Chellew, 2000) due to their entertainment factor. Whats Eating Gilbert Grape is a popular film with popular actors, and would interest high school aged students. Despite its portrayal of recognised negative stereotypes of disability Safran (1998) admits, it can still be useful in the classroom. The acknowledgment of such stereotypes and prejudices against people with disabilities will help students unlearn (Connor Bejoian, 2006, p. 59) the perceptions and attitudes which justify the differential treatment of a minority group. Through looking at our media, particularly film, it is essential for us to reshape pre-existing views (Chellew, 2000, p. 28) by breaking down the robust ideological attitudes of disability that continue to restrict, inhibit and exclude.

A Study of the Badu Mangrove Community Essay

Abstract A investigation took place at a large mangrove community called the ‘Badu Mangroves’. The interactions of organisms and the Badu Mangrove ecosystem were observed. While experiments were carried out to determine the abiotic ( e.g. temperature, humidity, soil pH ) and biotic ( e.g. number of seedlings distributed throughout a certain area, adaptations of animals ) features in the Badu Mangrove community. Aim The aim of this report was to explore the abiotic and biotic features concerning the growth and placement of grey mangroves (Avicennia Marina ) in the Badu Mangrove community at Sydney Olympic Park. The surface area of the Badu Mangroves is approximately 38 hectares, its location is Latitude: 33Ëš51’48.7†³S Longitude: 151Ëš04’32.07†³E Factors that influence the mangroves’ lifestyle were also investigated. Method Abiotic factors The air and water temperature of the Mangrove site was measured by using a thermometer. A thermometer was obtained and it was held in the air for a few minutes until the reading became stable. The temperature was then recorded. When measuring humidity, a psychrometer was used, along with a information chart. The psychrometer contained a wet bulb which measured the wet temperature while the normal thermometer on the psychrometer measured the air temperature. The dry temperature was subtracted from the wet temperature. The result of this subtraction was then interpreted by using a table and this determined the humidity. The light was measured in a spot where there were vegetation which had leaves and long trunks. This was done to observe how much light could penetrate through the vegetation. A light meter was obtained and it was turned face down in a spot were there was moderate light to ensure a fair result. The light meter then showed the light intensity in units of flux. The results were recorded. Wind velocity was recorded by using a wind meter. The meter was placed high up in the air to prevent and sources that could generate or block wind movement. The reading produced on the meter was recorded. A sample of water was taken from a creek. A thermometer was then obtained and placed immediately into the water to prevent any heat loss or transfer of heat from the water. The thermometer was left there until a reading was steady and the temperature was recorded. Turbidity was measured by using a turbidity tube. This tube measures the cloudiness of the water. The sample of creek water was obtained and it was placed into the tube until the lines at the bottom of the tube was no longer visible. The reading of the water level was then recorded, it was interpreted by using a table which determines the turbidity of the water, the units were recorded in NTU ( Nephelometric Turbidity Unit ) The amount of dissolved oxygen in the water was measured by using an Aqua dissolved energy meter. The wire which connected the measuring tube was placed into the water until there was an even reading, the results were recorded. The units of dissolved oxygen were measured in ppM ( parts per million ) . The salinity of the water was measured by using a WP-83 conductivity salinity meter. The wire which connected the measuring tube was placed into the water until there was an even reading, the results were recorded. The units of the salinity was measured in ppK ( parts per thousand). The pH of the soil was measured through the use of a universal indicator. A  small sample of soil was taken and it was placed in a small petri dish, barium sulfate was then added to the soil and then the universal indicator was then added. The colour observed was then interpreted by using a colour pH chart, where the colour observed is matched with the colours on the pH. The pH was then recorded. A soil thermometer was obtained to measure the soil temperature. The apparatus had a metal needle which was placed 5cms into the ground. The apparatus was allowed to stay there for a few minutes until a stable reading was seen on the thermometer. The temperature was then recorded. Soil moisture was measured by using a moisture meter. The meter had a metal needle which was placed 5cms into the ground. The meter was allowed to stay there for a few minutes until a stable reading was seen on the meter. The scaled used were on a scale of 1-10. 1 being the driest and 10 being the wettest. Biotic Factors At the boardwalk. Ten quadrats were randomly placed along the side of the boardwalk. The number of mangroves seedlings and crabholes were counted and recorded. Along the boardwalk, some mangroves and pneumatophores were observed. The underneath of a mangrove leaf was licked. The taste was recorded. Then a pneumatophore was obtained, it as plugged into a pipette. The pipette was then placed into a plastic cup filled with water. The air in the pipette was squeezed and the observations were recorded. A ruler was used to measure the height of pneumatophores at intervals of one metre, when the distance reached ten metres measuring was stopped. The pneumatophores were measured first from the creek and it was then measure on outwards till the distance reached ten metres. This was done to prove if  pneumatophores are longer near creeks and they start to get short as they grow further from the creek. Transect At the FSC Bund there were ten metre intervals which were marked out by poles. At each of these intervals, the height of the mangroves were estimated and sketched out as a transect. This was done until eighty-metres of mangrove forests were covered. Observations of flora and fauna were also noted down. Results Abiotic factors (Air, water and soil factors) Factor Mangrove Forest (10:00am) Dry Forest (1:00pm) Air temperature 26.5ËšC 34ËšC Humidity 64.5% 42% Light Intensity 3300 lux 2710 lux Wind Velocity 0.0m/s 0.5m/s Water Temperature 23.4ËšC n/a Turbidity 40 NTU n/a Dissolved oxygen 33.8 ppm n/a pH (Water) 7 n/a Salinity 23.7 ppk n/a pH (Soil) 6 5.5 Soil Temperature 20ËšC 22ËšC Soil Moisture Wet – 10 Dry – 1 Biotic Factors (Abundance) Quadrats of Mangrove Seedlings and Crab Holes (11:00am) Quadrat 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Distance from Creek (m) 25 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Number of seedlings 52 72 38 58 29 36 19 38 1 0 Number of crab holes 0 0 0 0 4 7 13 13 3 25 Biotic Factors (Adaptation) Mangrove Leaf: When the mangrove was licked, it tasted salty. Pneumatophores: When the pipette was squeezed little, tiny air bubbles started to come out from the little lenticals on the surface of the pneumatophore.. Do pneumatophores grow longer as they reach the creek? Distance from Creek (m) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Pneumatophore 1 (cm) 31 24 21 21 13 10 13 7 10 7 5 Pneumatophore 2 (cm) 28 16 12 19 10 8 11 7 7 5 7 Transect Discussion Abiotic Factors The places which contained more light had more flora growing there, because the light allows photosynthesis, while the spots where light couldn’t penetrate to the forest floor due to the overhead leaves blocking the sunlight out there were little vegetation growing. This shows that vegetation grow more efficiently in spots that allow photosynthesis to occur. Spots that were more humid made no difference to the placement of mangroves. The spots that have more leaves and less sunlight seems to effect the humidity levels. The mangroves and its leaves acts as a cover to stop all the water vapour from evaporating, while in spots that had less leaves and cover they were less humid. Wind speed could be affected the mangroves act as a barrier and they block all the wind from travelling efficiently throughout the forest, while in places were there were less trees there was a big difference in wind speed. Soil Temperature and Soil Moisture is affected by how close the site is to a water source. In the mangrove forest, the soil temperature is lower because the sunlight is blocked from heating up the soil, and the forest is very close to a creek which could cool down the soil. While in the Dry Forest the soil temperature is higher because it has a direct contact with the sunlight and is no where near a water source. This call also affect the distribution of flora because some vegetations need to have water to grow. This could be affected by the temperature the day before, so this could alter the results into the wrong direction. To improve this we have to find a day  which as a moderate temperature so we can try our best to find the closest possible results. pH of the Soil and Water can effect how the distribution of vegetation occurs. Some plants need a specific pH to live and thrive, if it is to acidic or alkalic the plant will die off. So the pH of Soil and Water is a very important thing concerning the growth of vegetation. Some errors of this experiment is that the soil seemed to be alkalic but with the past tests the soil was neutral so this must have been an error. To improve this it is a good idea to use a good quality indicator that allows us to have an accurate result everytime. Biotic Factors The results of the Mangrove Seedlings shows that in quadrat ten there is no mangrove seedlings while in quadrat two there are seventy-two mangrove seedlings. The tenth quadrat is the closest to the river while the second quadrat is 72 metres away from the quadrat. This relation shows the mangrove seedlings only thrive when they are far away fro the river. This means that mangrove seedlings grow away from the river because the tide is too strong and they don’t have time to root themselves down and be stable. The nutrients found on the soil could be washed away by the current and leaving the seedlings close to the creek without a source of food and they will soon die off, while when they grow farther away from the creek there is no current to wash away the nutrients. In quadrats one to four there are zero Crab Holes while in quadrat ten there are twenty-five crab holes, and once again quadrat ten is the closest to the river. This suggests that the crabs like to be closer to the creek because their food source is there, they eat decaying matter called detritus which is decaying mangrove leaves, they are deposited on the mud flats as the tide pushes it out. Also a possibility is that the crab like the water and it helps them cool down. Quadrat nine is underwater so we are forced to make an estimate the could alter the results. The transect drawn shows that the mangrove grew higher and bigger when the were close to a source of water. Then they started to grow shorter. This information shows that mangroves will live better and grow bigger and taller near the water. This could be used to explain that mangroves need water to thrive, and as the mangroves distant themselves from a water source they will not be able to grow. The water source observed seemed to be the end of the a river, so when the tide comes in they bring in lots of nutrients and many seedlings that have been washed away before. At this point the mangroves closest to the water can use this to their advantage because the can take up all the nutrients and not share it with the other trees, and the nutrients cannot be transported to the other trees because there is no water current. Also the washed away seedlings have a second chance to root themselves down and grow. The Mangrove Leaf which had a salty taste under its leaf is an adaption used by the mangroves. The mangroves live in a salty environment so they have to find ways to exert this unneeded salt. The salt can be removed from the mangrove by the tree sweating out the unneeded salt through under it leaves. Pneumatophores are little sticks that stick out of the ground, these are the roots of the tree. The pneumatophores sucks in oxygen through its tiny lenticals and transfers it throughout the plant. This was proven through the pipette experiment, as tiny air bubbles show that air can be transferred. This is useful because when there is a flood and oxygen is not allowed to the roots of the mangrove the pneumatophores can come in handy as they stick out of the water and take in all the oxygen. Pneumatophores can also act as a filter, they can filter out unneeded salts. Do pneumatophores grow longer as they reach the creek? As the pneumatophores travel further away from the creek there size decreases in height. This happens because the pneumatophores has to be higher than the depth of the water because it needs to suck in the oxygen available and if its under the  water it is useless. As the height of the water decreases as it moves out from the creek the height of the pneumatophores also decreases. There are some examples of commensalism in the Badu Mangrove community. A dew drop spider and a golden orbweavers are an example of commensalism. A dew drop spider lives in the golden orbweavers nest without the orbweaver realising it, because the dew drop spider is very tiny and looks like a normal dew drop hence the name. The dewdrop is the commensal because it uses the host’s ( golden orbweaver) nest and eats the food collected by the orbweaver and doesn’t harm the orbweaver in any way. An example of mutualism in the Badu Mangrove community is lichen which consists of algae and fungi. The algae produces photosynthesis while the fungi provides a place to live. An example of allelopathy is the casuarina (she-oak). It produces chemicals in the soil which are poisonous to other plants and this prevents anything from growing near it, also it has stem and leaves which give off these aromas that detract plants from growing near it. This allows the casuarina to nutrients to itself. Conclusion It can be concluded that the biotic and abiotic features of an ecosystem can effect distribution and population of organisms such as mangroves because they determine where they live and where they cannot live. The biotic and abiotic features of an ecosystem is very important to the many species that depend on it, if it is removed it can cause a chain of detrimental effects.

How The Supply Chain Management Basically Involves...

Introduction The supply chain management basically involves processes and activities which are involved in the planning, organising, controlling and implementing the cost effective flow of goods from the point of origin to the point of consumption. The whole process will have different players like the supplier, manufacturer, distributor, retailers and the customers themselves as the end point of consumption. The supply chain has changed drastically over the years. This days they are very global in nature. Involving various complex interactions and flow of goods, data and funds between companies which are situated in different countries and continents. Even though the companies are spread across the world the manufacturing plants generally follow a similar structure which normally comprises of the suppliers, manufacturing plants, distributors, retailers, inbound and outbound logistics providers. There were a lot of challenges which arose because of the competition which made the companies to reth ink their strategies in order to get the product to the right place at the right time at the lowest cost possible. The companies should always look at improving the whole supply chain and every player in the chain should coordinate with one another if they want to increase the efficiency. The organisation should realise the strategic importance of supply chain as it is a key to building a sustainable competitive edge. (Li, Ragu-Nathan, Ragu-Nathan, Rao, 2006). There is always aShow MoreRelatedCareer Pl Procurement And Supply Chain Management1450 Words   |  6 PagesCareer Plan: Procurement and Supply Chain management My major in the course is chain supply management. I plan to use the education gained in supply chain management to build my career in procurement to develop my skills and improve the procurement process. In my post bachelorette degree, I intend to take professional trainings in procurement, gain more experience and build more expertise in procurement. This is aimed at helping organizations simplify the procurement function and make it effectiveRead MoreOrganizational Structure Of Walmart1055 Words   |  5 Pagesis Walmart, in this paper I will be describing the Organizational structure, and also explain the importance of effective Supply Chain integration in an organization. Due to Walmart holding such a strong leadership position in the Global market its supply chain management according to (flash global.com 2017) overall methods and main components line up with most supply chains like purchasing, operations, distribution, and integration. Walmart has 120 million square foot netw ork it has 160 distributionRead MoreManagement and Functional Areas1731 Words   |  7 Pageswould you require to make such decisions? Ans. A management information system (MIS) is an organized combination of people, hardware, communication networks and data sources that collects, transforms and distributes information in an organization. An MIS helps decision making by providing timely, relevant and accurate information to managers. The physical components of an MIS include hardware, software, database, personnel and procedures. Management information is an important input for efficientRead MoreBenefits Of A Supply Chain Management Essay1697 Words   |  7 PagesA supply chain management may be defined as the process involving all the activities like planning, organising, implementing and controlling the cost effective flow of goods from the point of origin to the point of consumption. This involves various other activities which is required to add value to the product along the supply chain like procurement, sourcing and conversion of the products. There are a lot of players involved like the suppliers, manufacturers distributors etc. They have to haveRead MoreSupply Chain Risk Management Plan1299 Words   |  6 Pages(2005),Supply chain risk management, The International Journal of Logistics Management, Vol. 16 Iss 1 pp. 120 - 141. â€Å"Supply chain risk management is the process of identifying, assessing and controlling threats to an organization s capital and earnings that are caused by the organization s Supply Chain.  Companies with supply chain risk management plans in place typically place a chief risk office(CRO) in charge of overseeing the effectiveness of the organization s supply chain management strategyRead MoreOperations Management Is The Branch Of Management’S Science1571 Words   |  7 PagesOperations Management is the branch of management’s science concerned in studying how to achieve successful management with the day-by-day operations of an organization. This study is dedicated in developing and applying the methods that are necessary to achieve business and operations improvement of the company. You may find operations problems in any area of the company and production and those problems may start in buying the feedstock of the products and go from there to even the distributionRead MoreSupply Chain Risk Management Analysis1521 Words   |  7 Pages Uta Jà ¼ttner, (2005),Supply chain risk management, The International Journal of Logistics Management, Vol. 16 Iss 1 pp. 120 - 141. Supply chain risk management is an intersection of supply chain management and risk management. For this we need to understand the benefits and as well as the limitations of both the concepts. Supply chain risk is about any threat of interruption in the order of workings of the supply chain. This Risk is generated as result of risk ‘drivers’ that are internal or externalRead MoreQuestions On Value Chains And Business Activities Essay1850 Words   |  8 PagesCHAPTER 1 TOPIC Value Chains Value Chains is considered to be a combination of nine business activities that work together within any business to provide value for customers. Within the nine activities the three core ones are inbound and outbound logistics, these are activities that are combined in distribution. Production which is the manufacturing from raw materials. Sales and marketing which is the interface between producers and customers, such as customer service and advertising. These threeRead MoreHuman Resorce Management vs. Operations Management vs.Preoject Management737 Words   |  3 PagesLeonard Human Resources Management vs. Operational Management Kaplan University MT 435 Operations Management Human Resources Management and Operational Management are two very distinct managements that are strangely co-dependent of each other in my view. Operations Management is responsible for designing, operating and improving productive systems or in layman’s terms, systems for getting work done. Operations Managers are found in all walks of life. In anything you basically do or have done thereRead MoreRadio Frequency Identification ( Rfid )1582 Words   |  7 Pagesof Contents Introduction 2 What is RFID? 2 RFID in Supply chain management 2 How has RFID implementation improved Supply chain performance at Wal-Mart 3 Impact of RFID technology on SCM Effectiveness – Food Industry in Iran 3 Short comings of RFID 5 Future of RFID 5 References 6 Introduction In this paper we will discuss how Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) influences the role and importance of supply chain management in organizations. This paper will also discuss the prospective

Critical Essay on Shakespeares The Tempest

The Tempest – the Crown of Shakespeare’s Genius No doubt, the Genius from the Foggy Albion has left rich literary heritage for his descendants both in romantic genre and in dramaturgy. The Tempest – the last play written by the great master, which is considered to be his most mature and outstanding masterpiece. The Tempest is a kind of quintessence of his gift combined with a personal spiritual experience he gained during the life, which resulted in a unique piece that still can’t but fascinate the admirers of dramatic art. The Tempest is written in the genre of a tragicomedy that started to gain popularity in this period. In the play the reader will not find those great humanistic problems and heroic struggle for better ideals. Instead, the attention is drawn to mild humanity and the spirit of forgiveness. The central character of the play is the one of Wiseman Prospero. The name speaks for itself since â€Å"prospero† is the Italian for â€Å"happy†, â€Å"blessed†, â€Å"calm†. With the help of his will and deep knowledge of white magic, aimed at extracting all the good and all the healing from the nature, Prospero is able to put an end to the egoistic motivation in himself and other people and finally directs the destinies of all the people around to their own and public good. All these events are going on without the struggles and conflicts, as it was in previous Shakespeare’s tragedies or the most problematic comedies. It is all performed with clock-work precisio n by Prospero’s magic wand. The Tempest is maestro’s farewell to the theatre. It gives a suspicion of sadness to the entire play, concentrated in the character of Prospero. Prospero’s leaving the island is a symbol of Shakespeare’s leaving the passionate world of theatre.

Civil Disobedience In Antigone By Sophocles - 1195 Words

Civil disobedience has been a controversial issue that possess a conflict between ethical and moral values among both scholars and students alike. Martin Luther King Jr. used the civil disobedience approach to air his grievances and made it known to the majority of the population that a particular aspect of the law was interfering with their moral and ethical values even if it was unwritten. On the other hand, Sophocles, in the play â€Å"Antigone† reveals the grief, struggle, inner strife and distress of a young woman. Through her speech, Antigone can persuade her audience by employing rhetoric, passion and subtle alteration, and therefore, able to fight against injustice she faced from Creon. Thus, both Antigone and Martin Luther King Jr.†¦show more content†¦This act led her to be declared a heroine by the people. While Creon is the idea that a person’s country interest should take preeminence, Antigone values and beliefs were that family comes first and tha t blood is always thicker than water. This belief persuaded her to bury her brother even if the king had outlawed it, and she states that â€Å"the king has no right to keep me from my own† (Sophocles). Even though, she understood the consequences of her disobedience, she didn’t try to hide her treason act. She admits publicly before Creon that she would choose death but bury her brother than live knowing that her brother is rotting on the battlefield. In her disobedience speech, she eloquently tries to make her king understand how unjust the laws are rather than pleaded her case. There evident force and confidence in her words, which she punctuates well and offers examples together with accusations. Furthermore, her lines are emotional and full of sarcasm and contempt towards the king and his unjust laws, which gives her speech a bitter edge. In burying her brother, Antigone shows obedience to the gods rather than the king even if it was illegal to do so. To prove her allegiance, she states that, â€Å"Look at me, you noble sons of Thebes, -the last great line kings, I alone, see what I suffer now at the hands of breed of men- all reverence, my reverence for the gods (Sophocles). Through this quote, Antigone shows that she feared theShow MoreRelated Exploration of Civil Disobedience in Sophocles Antigone, Kings Letter from Birmingham Jail, and Platos From Crito580 Words   |  3 PagesExploration of Civil Disobedience in Sophocles Antigone, Kings Letter from Birmingham Jail, and Platos From Crito Civil disobedience spawns a major and widely debated issue by many who established by well-known intelligent scholars and many examples of civil disobedience become displayed. The acts of civil disobedience can be noted in major works such as Sophocles?s Antigone, King?s ?Letter from Birmingham Jail?, or even from Plato?s ?from Crito?. A specific claim exemplified throughout theseRead MoreAntigone Essay926 Words   |  4 PagesCivil disobedience is an act Antigone and multiple modern-day women commit to raise awareness of a lack of justice in their societies. Civil disobedience is the refusal to comply with certain laws as a peaceful form of political protest. This form of protest is shown throughout Sophocles’ tragedy Antigone. Antigone, the protagonist, exhibits civil disobedience when she gives her brother, Polyneices, a proper burial. Antigone is very much like Rosa Parks as described in the article â€Å"Rosa Parks leavesRead MoreAntigone By Sophocles : A Moral And Lega l Battle951 Words   |  4 PagesIn the play Antigone by Sophocles, the title character is engaged in a moral and legal battle with King Creon. The king has issued a legal verdict against the brother of Antigone. He is to be left to rot in the battlefield, rather than be buried. As such, his body will be eaten by vultures and not be given the honor of burial. This was considered the worst punishment that could be given at the time. Antigone believes that this is wrong. She decides to go against the legal orders of the kingRead MoreCivil Disobedience And Martin Luther King s Letter From Birmingham Jail1236 Words   |  5 Pagesupon lightly such as committing civil disobedience. In Sophocles s â€Å"Antigone† and Martin Luther King’s â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail†, both, King and Antigone, were supporters and activist of civil disobedience. However, both, Antigone and Martin Luther King had different methods of conducting civil disobedience and viewed civil disobedience differently. Furthermore, Antigone and Martin Luther King were both steadfast in what they believed in and used civil disobedience to fight for their cause. DespiteRead MoreCivil Disobedience In Antigone By David Thoreau958 Words   |  4 PagesWhen one thinks of civil disobedience, they think of a person that neither follows nor respects the law. However, one does not take into consideration why a certain person is not abiding by the law, and what is influencing their decisions. In the case of Antigone, in Antigone by Sophocles, the reason she does not follow the law is that not only does she view the law as unfair and not just, but the law hurts her more than anyone else. Antigone feels she has a burden to bury her brother Polynices,Read MoreCivil Disobedience in Antigone and Trifles Essay1096 Words   |  5 PagesCivil Disobedience of Antigone and Mrs. Hale Civil disobedience is the purposeful violation of a law to show that it is unconstitutional or morally defective. In the plays, Antigone and Trifles, the female main characters commit an act of civil disobedience. The plays are respectively written by Sophocles and Susan Glaspell. Antigone, the main character of Antigone, protects her dead brothers honor as she disobeys the laws of King Creon. Mrs. Hale, the main character of Trifles preventsRead MoreTheme Of Antigone 964 Words   |  4 PagesAmer Debis Professor: Kennedy ENC 1102 April 12, 2016 Theme In Antigone Sweeping dramas of rival families and of rival family members seeking control of a kingdom are very popular now. One obvious example is Game of Thrones, which continues to break viewership records and also engender controversy. Such sagas, however, are nothing new. Antigone, a play by Sophocles and the sequel to Aeschylus’ Seven Against Thebes, provides an ancient Greek perspective on the themes of power, duty, and lawRead MoreAnalysis Of Civil Disobedience In Antigone1078 Words   |  5 PagesMany people around the world and in books are getting in trouble for their acts of civil disobedience. Civil disobedience is refusing to follow certain laws as a form of political protest. In Antigone, written by Sophocles, Antigone rebels against the laws of Creon and buries her brother, Polynieces, when everyone was ordered not to. Modern day people around the world like Antigone are also defying laws. Women in Saudi Arabia who went driving when laws forbid them to and they got in to a lot of troubleRead MoreCivil Disobedience, And Martin Luther King Jr. s Letter From Birmingham Jail1018 Words   |  5 PagesToday, the word disobedience carries a negative connotation that acts as a deterrent for necessary disobedience. The common way in which people view disobedience is as a rejection of a rule, law, or a simple standard. Historically, rules were implemented in ways that were deemed immoral by society. Therefore, civil disobedience is justified to combat immoral standards implemented in society. However, civil disobedience is only justified under these circumstances, mainly for the betterment of societyRead MoreThe Truth Behind Political Thought944 Words   |  4 Pagesinconsistency ,that civil disobedience is not justified because of society s accentuation on law and order. The understanding of law and civil disobedience illustrates itself in both readings of Sophocles Antigone and Plato s Apology which suggests that they give both similar views with th e existing idea of different higher authority in mind. Because of the unresolved feud between the law and civil disobedience it is prevailed effectively in Sophocles tragic drama Antigone and Plato s Apology

Global Issues in Crime and Justice The War and Genocide in Darfur Free Essays

string(80) " used as motivating factor behind the destruction of African groups in Darfur \." Global Issues in Crime and Justice The war and genocide in Darfur (Sudan) (2003-2010) The conflict in Darfur officially started in February of 2003 when a rebel group launched an attack on Golo. This rebel group refers to themselves as Sudan Liberation Army (SLA). Not long after, another Darfur rebel group arose, identifying itself as the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM). We will write a custom essay sample on Global Issues in Crime and Justice: The War and Genocide in Darfur or any similar topic only for you Order Now The uprisings from the rebel groups, however, did not draw immediate reaction from the Sudanese Government. The turning point for the conflict which led to a war was the raid on al Fashir air base by both the Sudan Liberation Army and Justice and Equality Movement. According to Daly, 2010, military planes and helicopter gunships were destroyed, vehicles and weapons were seized, soldiers were killed and the base commander was captured. The SLA and JEM continued their attacks in Tine, Kutum and Mellit in May 2003. After the attack, the Sudanese government carried out a counter-insurgency campaign by coordinating a ‘special task force’ , composed of Arab militia men named Janjaweed. The Janjaweed militia was backed by government troops. Their task was to attack the Africans in Darfur and destroy their villages. The bombing of villages, rape and mass killing became the means to destroy the Africans in Darfur. Those who survived were displaced from their homes and moved into displacement camps in Sudan. However, assistance provided to the African survivors were minimal, the humanitarian aid workers were aggressively pressured and it was difficult to bring food and medicine supply into the camps. According to Hagan and Rymond-Richmond in 2009, more than 200, 000 displaced persons were pushed over the border into refugee camps in Chad. On the other side, the amount of deaths in Darfur varied. In fall of 2004, World Health Organization (WHO) estimated 70,000 deaths within seven months since the beginning of the war. However, this estimate is likely to only involve people who died in and around camps. On the other hand, the State Department’s Atrocities Document Survey (ADS) provided data on people who died in the attack but does not include people who died in the camps. To obtain a more accurate picture, Hagan and McCarty (2009) combined the WHO and ADS data. The result is at least 200, 000 people had died in Darfur and the amount could have reached to 400, 000. There were many parties involved in the war and genocide in Darfur but there were definitely only two sides. The first side is the rebel groups, they are Sudan Liberation Army and Justice and Equality Movement. The other side of the conflict is the Janjaweed and the government of Sudan and its troops. The Sudan Liberation Army (SLA) was first formed in 2002 by an alliance of Fur and Zaghawa with Abdel Wahid as its first chairman and Abdalla Abaker as its chief of staff. The SLA consisted of Zaghawa and Fur but their relation was sour. The inexperience leadership, disorganized infrastructure and tension and conflict within the SLA only made matters worse. By mid-2003, there were no longer communications made betwen the Zaghawa and the Fur resulting to division of the movement into two groups. After the death of Abdalla Abaker, Minnawi announced himself as the secretary general. There were then two factions of SLA – the SLA under Abdel Wahid and the SLA under Minnawi. The second group that entered the conflict in Darfur in 2003 was the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM). Its origin can be traced back to the mid-1990s. Having been marginalized, the Darfurians felt disappointed towards Islamist leaders in Sudan. The group consisted of mainly rebellious members of National Islamic Front in 1989. The JEM was formed in 2001 with Khalil Ibrahim as the leader holding the position of the chairman of the JEM. In response to the rebellion, the Sudanese government created a military force named Janjaweed which consisted of both Arab and Non-Arab groups. The Janjaweed became a ‘state security organs’ and the administrative system in Darfur became ‘military command’. They implemented a strategy where attacks would be made on African civilian in their towns and villages. Not only that, the Janjaweed was given a license to kill which allows them to kill and torture whoever they want with no limits imposed. The role of Sudanese government and its army would be to provide assistance to Janjaweed. This include from air support to cleaning up the crime scenes in Darfur. Despite the obvious proofs that genocide had taken place, the Sudanese government claimed that what happened was merely a counter-insurgency tactic to stop the rebellion and the blame was placed on the rebel groups. The rebel groups shared neither the same motivation nor the same goal. However, both SLA and JEM aimed to use armed rebellion as means to achieve their goals. For the SLA, the 1991 rebellion in Darfur convinced them to make changes in Darfur through armed rebellion. They were then motivated by the ideology of the ‘New Sudan’ and so were determined to make the ‘New Sudan’ as their goal. It was a concept suggested by Sudan People’s Liberation Army. It demanded a secular, democratic and decentralized government as well as equality in power and wealth. In contrast, the JEM was motivated by a document that was created in May 2000, The Black Book Imbalance of Power and Wealth in Sudan which gave a clear analysis of the underdevelopment of Darfur and the government’s lack of concern. The group’s goals were to call for ‘radical constitutional reform, regional empowerment and social democaracy’ excluding separation of state and religion. In contrast to SLA, their focus was on Sudan as a whole rather than solely on Darfur. The motivation behind the creation of Janjaweed by the Sudanese government was difficult to establish. The Sudanese government had repeatedly argued that its destructive behavior and violent attacks on civilians were merely counter-insurgency tactics. However, it is believed that racial intent is used as motivating factor behind the destruction of African groups in Darfur . You read "Global Issues in Crime and Justice: The War and Genocide in Darfur" in category "Essay examples" Daly in 2010 described that the goals of the Sudanese government as well as its troops and Janjaweed were to destroy settlements and property, evacuation of the land by killing the men, women and children or stigmatizing the women by raping them, and forced displacement of the survivors. There were many factors that may have caused the uprisings in Darfur however its immediate cause were the African’s experience of being marginalized, invaded, exploited and neglected. It is reasonable to believe that the factors which led to the formation of rebel group had also resulted to the occurrence of the first event in the war in Darfur: the uprisings. Among the factors were political and economic marginalization experienced by the Darfurians as described in the Black Book. The Sudanese government did little attempt to help the economy of Darfur and the positions in government institution were mainly dominated by those from the Norths and Arabs. Another factor would be the increasing insecurity in Darfur caused by attacks on African villages carried out by Arab nomads. This was the main reason why the Zaghawa joined the Fur to form the SLA. The failure of the Sudanese government to solve the conflict between the Arabs and the African had resulted to a rebellion in 2003. The Sudanese government’s action escalated the rebellion turning it into a war and genocide. The government’s mistake was its failure to acknowledge the rebel groups and accept their demand. Furthermore, its decision to use the Janjaweed militia as a counter-insurgency tactic caused a creation of the ‘worst humanitarian crisis’. It is the way the Sudanese government reacted to the rebellion that based a basis of genocide in Darfur. Apart from the above factors, there were also other underlying factors that contribute to the conflict in Darfur. These factors existed long before the start of the rebellions in 2003. These factors include the drought in Darfur since the 1970s which caused a struggle of land and Arab supremacism in Darfur. Tensions between Africans and Arabs burst into violence when Darfur suffered from numerous droughts since the early 1970s. The increasing desertification had resulted to loss of produce, grazing land and livestock. This had caused conflict between the African farmers and Arab herders over territories and access to water. The droughts had forced the Arab herders to intrude on the lands of the African farmers causing a clash between them. The ethnic conflict was further intensified with the introduction of small arms that transformed the means of violence in Darfur. Favored groups were allowed to possess arms for the purpose of self-defense. Unfair policies were introduced to give legal protection to the Arabs and the policy itself undoubtedly showed favoritism towards the Arabs especially over matters relating to land. It is undeniable that the government had played a primary role in stimulating the ethnic conflict. In Darfur, the Arabs were often seen as superior to all others, which make those who are not Arab as inferior. The Arabs in Sudan dominated all aspect of life ranging from politics to social life. The relations between Arabs and Africans in Darfur became even tenser as the ideology of Arab supremacy led to ‘both the demonization and disenfranchisement of certain groups’ , in particular the Africans. One significant factor to include would probably be the disenfranchisement of Darfur. Darfur had been neglected by Sudan. Schools, medical facilities and the roads provided in Darfur were very minimal if compared to those provided in the north of Sudan. Even worst, there was no attempt to include the African in the politic and administration of Darfur or Sudan. The Africans have suffered discrimination, prejudice and exclusion. These sufferings might have added to the conflicts that turned into rebellions and then war and genocide in 2003. The case of Darfur had frequently been labeled as crime against humanity due to the pattern of mass killing in Darfur. Maier-Katkin et al in 2009 presented a theory to explain the crimes against humanity. There are 6 suggested factors as to how crimes against humanity could have occurred. The first factor is the development of societal strain and anger depression. Secondly, the formation of primary group affiliations where tensions emerged between two groups- between the self and the other, or most commonly known as between us versus them. The third factor is the socialization and normalization of idea in the primary group. The next factor is the continuation of the previous factor, socialization of individuals into roles within the group makes them more incline to conform and follow orders from the authority. The fifth factor is that the possibility of the occurrence of crimes against humanity when there is a technique of neutralization. Lastly, where the target or victim is not threatening, crimes are easier to commit. In the case of Darfur, the second, third, fifth and sixth factor could be applied to explain the crimes of humanity committed against the Africans. Tension had developed between the Africans and Arabs long before the start of the war in 2003. The two groups had always clashed and thus satisfying the second factor. Secondly, the belief of the people in Sudan and Darfur is that Arabs are always superior to the Africans which make the African less valuable to the country. This idea had been normalized into the life of every person in Sudan. Not only that, technique of neutralization had clearly been used by the Sudanese government and the Janjaweed. Racial epithets expressed toward the Africans were commonly heard during the attacks. This is an act of dehumanizing the victims. The sixth factor refers to the fact that the victims in the case of Darfur are civilian. They do not have the means to attack back and therefore no risk is associated with the perpetrators. Denials were used by the Government of Sudan in response to its Human Right violation. Stanley Cohen in 2001 presented 6 types of denial: denial of knowledge, denial of responsibility, denial of injury, denial of the victim, condemnation of the condemners, appeal to higher loyalty and moral indifference. It is possible that the Janjaweed and military forces of the Sudanese government had relied on the denial of responsibility and victim to justify their destructive actions. Whereas the Government of Sudan may have justified their action based on denial of knowledge, denial of victim and the condemnation of the condemners. Other than committing a crime against humanity, the Janjaweed had also committed crimes of obedience by following the order of Sudanese government to attack African civilian. No attempts were made to challenge the authority and the decision to obey was not done out of fright towards the government but was likely to be caused by hatred that developed between the ethnic lines. Bibliography Cohen, S. , 2001. States of Denial. Cambridge University Press. Daly, M. W. , 2010. Darfur’s Sorrow: The Forgotten History of a Humaniatarian Disaster. 2nd ed. New York: Cambridge University Press. Flint, J. , Darfur’s Armed Movement. In: A. De Waal, ed. 2007. War in Darfur and the Search for Peace. Harvard University Press, p 140-172 Hagan, J. , Rymond-Richmond, W. , and Parker, P. , 2005. The Criminology of Genocide: The Death and Rape of Darfur, Criminology, 43(3), p 525. Haggar, A. , The Origins and Organization of the Janjawiiid in Darfur. In: A. De Waal, ed. 2007. War in Darfur and the Search for Peace. Harvard University Press, p 113-139 Hagan, J. and Rymond-Richmond, W. , 2009. Darfur and the Crime of Genocide. New York: Cambridge University Press. Maier-Katkin, D. , Mears, D. P. , and Bernard, T. J. , (2009) Towards a Criminology of Crimes Against Humanity, Theoretical Criminology 13(2) p 227-256 McCarty, B. and Hagan, J. , Counting the Deaths in Darfur Pitfalls on the Pathway to a Public Sociology. In V. Jeffries, ed. 2009. Handbook of Public Sociology. United States: Rowman Littlefield Publishers, Inc. p 319-337 Tar, U. A. , 2006. Old Conflict, New Complex Emergency: An Analysis of Darfur Crisis, Western Sudan, Nordic Journal of African Studies, 15(3), p 406-427 Totten, S. , The Darfur Genocide. In: S. Totten and W. S. Parsons, ed. 2009. Century of Genocide: Critical essays and Eyewitness Accounts. 3rd ed. New York: Routledge. Tubiana, J. , A Conflict for Land? In: A. De Waal, ed. 2007. War in Darfur and the Search for Peace. Harvard University Press, p 68-91 How to cite Global Issues in Crime and Justice: The War and Genocide in Darfur, Essay examples

Tesla Gigafactory

Questions: 1.What is the Aim of Tesla Gigafactory? 2.What is the Current SCM Structure of building lithium Ion Batteries? 3.How will Tesla Disrupt the Current Supply Chain Management of Lithium ion Batteries? 4.Do you think Tesla will Succeed its mandate? Answers: Introduction: Tesla Motors with its initiative of establishing the environment friendly Gigafactory to produce lithium ion batteries has taken a great step towards developing technology that will sustain environment in future. At present, the factory is under construction at Tahoe Reno Industrial Center, U.S. This construction running near Nevada and the Nevada governor expects to enjoy a good amount of revenue in two decades of its production ("Tesla Gigafactory | Tesla Canada", 2017). Lithium ion battery cars are one of that technological advancement that promises to save the rapidly decreasing non-renewable resource of fuel as well as looks promising as an alternative technology. Tesla Gigafactory in Nevada started its first production in 2016 of Powerpacks and Powerwalls in a meager quantity while within some months in 2017 it has successfully commenced its mass production of battery cells. Gigafactory 1 in Nevada has been designed with the aim of minimizing the cost of production and the usag e of raw materials through the arrangement of vertical integration. Another factory of the same kind Gigafactory 2 is decided to be established in Europe aiding more 1production of eco friendly car batteries ("Tesla Gigafactory | Tesla Canada", 2017). 1.Aim of Tesla Gigafactory Tesla has several significant and noble aims behind founding the massive Gigafactory spending a huge amount of money. The primary objective of Tesla that has accelerated the establishment of the first Gigafactory in Nevada is to take a step forward to transform worlds automobile industry by replacing the fuel with electric. As hoped by Tesla Motors, the production of lithium ion batteries in the Gigafactory will become that source of the sustainable alternative source of energy ("Tesla Gigafactory | Tesla Canada", 2017). To achieve this mission Tesla needs to produce electric cars in such great quantity that it can push the change of the alternative source of energy into this industry. In order to achieve success in their mission Tesla will require a massive number of lithium ion batteries; probably the entire worldwide production of present time. The factory, to perform this huge mission, is still under construction and by 2018, Tesla expects to commence its full capacity production. Tesla has joined hands with Panasonic and others who help in developing strategies for the company with the aim of producing batteries at a considerable lower cost. Tesla also aims to achieve innovation in the manufacturing field and desires to reduce waste generation during the manufacturing process. The Gigafactory will help Tesla to locate the entire process of manufacturing under the same roof. Some other of their significant aims are to diminish the per kWh hour cost of battery pack by at least 30 percent as well as to be strengthened by renewable sources of energy; the goal is to achieve clearly zero energy application. Tesla is eager to finish the construction part as soon as possible since they hope to reduce the cost of their presently available batteries dramatically with the help of this giant factory. It is still not very clear how th is extreme economization will be possible but it is anticipated that Tesla aims to be decked up with a complete recycling system. 2.Current SCM Structure Lithium ion batteries are rapidly rising in demand and at present, the Asia dominates the world market in its production. These batteries are largely used in the applications of consumer electronics since these possess considerable high lifecycle and density. The power output of high capacity makes them appropriately convenient to be used in a number of selective automotive applications (Miller, 2014). The production of lithium ion batteries is thickly concentrated in Asian countries like Japan, China and Korea due to the abundance of lithium ion battery specific component suppliers available here so that these countries together have formed a clustered supply chain particularly focusing on the production of lithium ion battery. Japan, China and Korea comprises of almost 79% of the entire automotive lithium ion battery production while U.S is steadily advancing to get hold of this demanding market presently covering 17% of the total production. Though the Asian cluster of LIB production contributes some advantage at regional level, the benefit in cost is not available outside this cluster. Lithium is primarily mined from two sources: pegmatite found in hard rocks and brine found in salt lakes. Now the major sources of pegmatite are: Australia Brazil Canada China The chief sources of brine are: Argentina Bolivia Chile China and S To some extent, there exists vertical integration of electrode materials across Asia and production of battery cells. This is likely to help in lowering the cost of production for some certain manufacturers. The LIB materials producing countries of South East Asia are considered as major suppliers of battery materials; the major reason behind this may be the firms of these countries do have the required knowledge of this field as well as the stable financial background to be known as strong and reliable suppliers. The following chart explains the picture of supply chain management of LIB: Total Manufacturing Capacity of LIB (MWh) Percentage share of capacity (%) Manufacturing Capacity of Automotive LIB (MWh) Percentage Share of Automotive Capacity (%) China 39010 51 11240 41 Japan 11978 16 5750 21 Korea 16059 21 4600 17 U.S 4970 7 4600 17 E.U 1798 2 1300 5 Others 2440 3 0 0 Total 76255 100 27490 100 The chart clearly shows that the U.S does not have as strong a supply chain as Asian cluster region and in addition to that, most of the U.S suppliers are comparatively new and inexperienced and hence, are believed to be less reliable ("Automotive Lithium ion battery supply chain and U.S Competitiveness", 2017). Indeed, the production cost of Tesla is to rise if they have to depend on the export service of Asian suppliers. While supporting the expansion of advanced battery manufacturing in U.S the U.S government has provided $1.5B. 3.Whether Tesla will disrupt the Current SCM It has been seen that the lithium ion battery cell supply is rapidly growing but the growth is concentrated on Asia. If Tesla Gigafactory, based in U.S has to depend on this existing supply chain structure, it will cost a great deal for the company. Hence, Tesla has planned to exceed the global production of lithium ion batteries by 2020 disrupting the present structure of its Supply Chain Management ("Automotive Lithium ion battery supply chain and U.S Competitiveness", 2017). In order to do so, the company has signed a formal negotiation with Panasonic specially to collaborate with its Gigafactory initiative ("Everything will be recycled.", 2017). According to the agreement, Panasonic is entitled to invest necessary equipments for production of these automotive batteries such as cathode materials, PVDF and SBR Binders, prismatic lids and cans, logistic solutions, electrolyte filling and the like. On the other hand, Tesla is to invest all the utilities, land and buildings required to set up and run Gigafactory 1 (Nykvist Nilsson, 2015). Tesla is also responsible for providing production equipments indispensible for LIB module and production of battery packs. With efficient management of Gigafactory and procuring the necessary precursor compound materials from other collaborators, Tesla is likely to emerge as worlds largest producer of lithium ion batteries (Barr, 2013). Undoubtedly, Tesla Gigafactory shows prominent signs to be the largest and technologically most advanced and exceptional battery producing factory surpassing the dominance of Asian farms. The company is even more keen to accelerate the construction work of Gigafactory because the scarcity of lithium ion batteries has somewhere limited their production of cars (Eisler, 2016). Therefore, apparently Tesla hopes to outreach the 2013 global production of lithium ion batteries by 2020 as mentioned earlier; not only that the company has claimed to produce a huge number of battery packs enough to build 500,000 LIB powered cars by the target year. According to Elon Musk, CEO of Tesla Inc. the automobile company intends to apply one such unique technology that would economize the production of these batteries as well as it has the potential to upset the prevalent structure of Supply Chain Management. Tesla plans to transport the rail cars full of raw materials directly from the mines into the factory and Musk insists that these cars will come out being transformed into finished products of lithium ion battery. The way Tesla has consolidated its battery pack manufacturing process right from the stage of raw materials; it will be hard for any other enterprise to compete with Tesla when it will start its full capacity production (Anderman, 2016). 4.Whether Tesla will succeed its mandate The construction process of Gigafactory 1 is still a long way to go because more than half of the planned structure is yet to be built. Now, all the claims that Tesla has made for this massive factory and its production capability are still assumptions and have not been proved in real field. Therefore, it is a matter of debate whether Tesla will achieve its claimed target within 2020 and the answer precisely discusses what the elements are that can take the company forward and what can be proved as setbacks (Zeng, Li Singh, 2014). One significant possible obstacle can be appeared in the form of bureaucratic mismanagement (Hanley, 2015). This can be avoided if thoughtful and coordinated measures are taken together with the architects, engineers, construction crews and technicians properly led by the managers to reach the end-goal without being diverted from the root aim (Martin, 2014). Due to their intended application of vertical integration, the entire responsibility relies upon Teslas management because now they would have to supervise each aspect of battery production instead of just controlling the system built up with producers. Apart from this, Teslas huge plantation of Gigafactory has increased their business risk a lot. Tesla is probably the only automobile company who wants to rely entirely on electrical cars in near future. However, the customers are yet to shift completely to these cars of new technology and that the idea of fully electric powered cars has not yet been tested. Besides, in the age of rapid technological advancement it is very likely that the lithium ion concept would also be replaced with something else and the question arises in this context that what then will happen to this huge infrastructure (Lu et al, 2013). Much of Teslas success depends on the accountability of its partner Panasonics lithium ion technology. On the other hand, if Tesla can achieve its grand scale of production in Gigafactory, it is almost guaranteed that the upcoming models of cars built under Tesla Motors will be sold at a much-lowered cost (Wang et al, 2014). This gigantic Gigafactory is also believed to be capable of providing Tesla about a bulk of battery pack output that will make Tesla self sufficient in terms of Supply Chain Management. However, the question is not about applying innovative technology but rather the success of the company will be depending on how far and how long they will be able to sustain the management of this gigantic structure. If the organization can execute perfectly what they has claimed for Gigafactory, certainly there will be no looking back for Tesla Motors. References: Anderman, M. (2016). The Tesla Battery Report: Tesla Motors: Battery Technology, Analysis of the Gigafactory and Model 3, and the Automakers Perspectives. Automotive Lithium ion battery supply chain and U.S Competitiveness. (2017). Retrieved 1 March 2017, from https://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2015/06/f23/Lithium-ion%20Battery%20CEMAC.pdf Barr, A., Deguilhem, B., Grolleau, S., Grard, M., Suard, F., Riu, D. (2013). A review on lithium-ion battery ageing mechanisms and estimations for automotive applications.Journal of Power Sources,241, 680-689. Eisler, M. N. (2016). A Tesla in every garage?.IEEE Spectrum,53(2), 34-55. Everything will be recycled.. (2017). Business Insider. Retrieved 1 March 2017, from https://www.businessinsider.in/18-incredible-facts-about-Elon-Musks-Gigafactory/Everything-will-be-recycled-/slideshow/52906827.cms Hanley, S. (2015). Analyst predicts Gigafactory will reduce Tesla battery costs below $100 per kWh.Ecomento, September. Lu, L., Han, X., Li, J., Hua, J., Ouyang, M. (2013). A review on the key issues for lithium-ion battery management in electric vehicles.Journal of power sources,226, 272-288. Martin, C. (2014).Driving change in the battery industry(Doctoral dissertation, Nature Research). Miller, J. (2014). Energy Storage and Battery Advances. Online]. Avaliable:https://www. eei. org/about/meetings/Meeting_Documents/Miller,%20Jam es. pdf. Nykvist, B., Nilsson, M. (2015). Rapidly falling costs of battery packs for electric vehicles.Nature Climate Change,5(4), 329-332. Richa, K., Babbitt, C. W., Gaustad, G., Wang, X. (2014). A future perspective on lithium-ion battery waste flows from electric vehicles.Resources, Conservation and Recycling,83, 63-76. Sharma, S. (2016). The Tesla Phenomena A Business Strategy Report. Tesla Gigafactory | Tesla Canada. (2017). Tesla.com. Retrieved 1 March 2017, from https://www.tesla.com/en_CA/gigafactory Wang, X., Gaustad, G., Babbitt, C. W., Richa, K. (2014). Economies of scale for future lithium-ion battery recycling infrastructure.Resources, Conservation and Recycling,83, 53-62. Zeng, X., Li, J., Singh, N. (2014). Recycling of spent lithium-ion battery: a critical review.Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology,44(10), 1129-1165.