The Relationship between the Polio Vaccine and AIDS in Africa

In the late 1950s, several groups of researches and scientists were developing some vaccines against polio. At that time, polio was still an epidemic worldwide disease. One of these vaccines, made by Dr. Hilary Koprowski MD (1916-2013) was used to test it on millions of people in Africa, after first being trailed in the USA. The vaccine virus was grown in tissue cultures taken from macaque monkeys before being introduced to millions of people , who were largely living in Burundi, Rwanda, and Congo (now, the Democratic Republic of the Congo) from 1957 to 1960. In 1992, Rolling Stone magazine published a story that argued about the oral polio vaccine (OPV), which was developed by Hilary Koprowski as a possible source of the HIV as well as the AID epidemic. In December 1993, Dr. Koprowski sued Rolling Stone and the writer of the article, and the clarification statement is been issued in the magazine, saying that the editors of Rolling Stone wish to explain that they never intended to su ggest in the article that there is any logical proof, nor do they have enough knowledge of any scientific evidence, that Dr. Koprowski, a famous scientist, was in fact the one who introduced the HIV to a large number of human population or that he is the father of AIDS epidemic†¦. Dr. Koprowskis pioneering work in developing oral polio vaccines has assisted spare suffering and death to hundreds of thousands of possible victims of paralytic poliomyelitis and is maybe one of his greatestShow MoreRelatedVaccine Requirements : Vaccine Requirement Rights1149 Words   |  5 PagesAshley Chavez-Muniz Breonna Thompson Krystal Egbuchunam Ms. Anderson 5 May, 2016 Vaccine Requirement Rights I. 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My Sister s Keeper Film Review Essay - 1433 Words

My Sister’s Keeper is a film that follows the life of an incredibly unique family and the individual trials and perspectives they have due to their rare family situation. The Fitzgerald family is defined as a two-parent biological family because their family consists of a father, a mother, and their two biological daughters and a biological son. The oldest daughter, Kate, was diagnosed with leukemia at a young age. After discovering that Brian, Sara, and Jesse were not matches to help Kate, her parents were advised to go through with an IVF process that would create a nearly perfect match for Kate. This child, Anna, was created in order to supply the tissues, organs, and blood that are necessary in keeping Kate alive. All seems to be well until Anna decides that she does not want to fulfill the role of being her sister’s keeper any longer and files for medical emancipation. No family is perfect, but Anna even mentions that her family is definitely a dysfunctional one. T heir dysfunctionality comes from their lack of communication with one another due, in large part, to Kate’s leukemia. â€Å"Relationships, no matter how committed, change continuously, and communication both affects and reflects these changes. The passage of time brings with it predictable and unpredictable crises, which take their toll on family regularity and stability,† (Galvin, Braithwaite, Bylund, 2015, p. 27). Health problems can play a huge role in changing family dynamics over time, and death isShow MoreRelatedCase Studies13817 Words   |  56 PagesReyna. Discussion Questions: * Was Reyna treated fairly in the situation? * Was the venture capitalist firm ethically wrong by lying about the amount o f funding? * Is it Reynas fault for not looking into the company or is it the company s fault for misleading Reyna? CASE STUDY #5 (SHOULD COLLABORATE WITH #6) The Case of Bad News The new CEO of a corporation learns that he has inherited problems with growth and profitability. 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To be able to develop effective brand strategies, it is useful to

Best Solution Free Essays

To Inform and persuade your audience that a specific problem exists, It Is serious, and It affects them. Time: 6-8 minutes Topic: Choose a topic that interests you and would probably interest your audience (the class). Consider what your audience already knows about this topic and what their attitude about this topic will be. We will write a custom essay sample on Best Solution or any similar topic only for you Order Now Do not choose something the audience already knows a lot about. This topic must be presented in a persuasive manner; if the majority of your speech Is informative, you will fail this speech. Requirements: You must Inform and persuade the audience of a position on a topic you have researched. – You must Identify a problem, explain several possible solutions (preferably 3 or more), and then convince your audience of the best overall solution. Identify the opposition, then defeat it with your position’s/view’s support. – You must use at least one technology-based visual aid (ELM with 2 or more pix, chart, diagram, etc†¦ Power Point, video (Youth or DVD/VS..), or other audio/visual aids, etc†¦ Oh may use additional non-technology based visual aids if you want) – must prepare type an outline, to be turned in right before you present. Must orally cite at least four published or copyrighted sources as support. – must type a Works Cited of your sources to be turned in with your outline. – may use no more than TWO note cards (ex.) – keywords or phrases only! – write out your entire speech word for word on t he note cards! You DO NOT *You must have teacher approval for your topic, and you will not present the same topic as another student. Oh do not complete this speech, you will NOT receive credit for the course, regardless of your current grade. Persuasive Problem-solution Where do I start? Problem – Convince us the problem exists and Is serious! Use persuasive language and powerful, colorful word choice to make a major impact on your audience (especially with Pathos) Examples: If we do not do something†¦ We must recognize†¦ †¦ Wiped from existence. †¦ Slow, agonizing and painful death (then show VA) †¦ Perished forever. State an opinion then a fact to back it up, or a fact then an opinion with either a persuasive tone Word use a rhetorical question. – If we do not do something about the AIDS epidemic, entire generations and races will be wiped from existence. We must recognize that life is about more than money and cars; our world, our future is in grave danger. OPINION] Millions have perished from this disease, and it is projected that by the year 2014, 60 million more people will die a slow, agonizing and painful death. So by the time some of you graduate from high school or college, the Indianapolis population will be destroyed over 60 times or the world will bury over 17,143 North Central-sized schools. [FACT] – Millions have perished from this disease, and it is projected that by the year 2014, 60 million more people will die a slow, agonizing and painful death. So by the time some of you graduate from high school or college, the Indianapolis population ill be destroyed over 60 times or the world will bury over 17,143 North Central-sized schools. FACT] If we do not do something about the AIDS epidemic, entire generations and races will be wiped from existence. We must recognize that life is about more than money and cars; our world, our future is in grave danger. Or is life just not that precious to you? [OPINION] You do not have to overload your speech with lots of numbers and facts – 2-3 good opinions with facts to back up the opinion or 2-3 facts with connecting opinions, like th e examples provided, are all you need. Solution – You can use solutions that are already out there, but not currently in use. You Just have to work out the kinks; meaning, why are these solutions not being used? Then, decide on the best solution to this problem – is it one thing or is it a combination off couple of the stated solutions. Show us pictures of the world with (and possibly without) the problem. Be very visual and descriptive Paint us a mental picture with your words. What should we (as society) expect after your solution is implemented? Action – Give us contact information- hotness numbers, shelters, government agencies ND advocates, web addresses, postal addresses, etc†¦ How to cite Best Solution, Papers

The Sunne Rising Essays - Congo Free State, Charles Marlow

The Sunne Rising Heart of Darkness-?Conrad in the Congo-Background and Sources? The walls between insanity and sanity are often paper thin in ones own mind. Joseph Conrad's novel, ?Heart of Darkness,? exemplifies this wall, or realm, through the manipulation of his character's narration. Initially, the narrative simply appears to be a reflection of Conrad's style. However, as the story unfolds one may notice that the language and style can be interpreted as a literary tool. A tool that effectively illustrates the gradual deterioration, paranoia, and unresolvable confusion that man can experience when entering mysterious modes of consciousness; as Marlowe does in the African Congo. Conrad himself was subjected to the isolation and darkness of the Congo when he made his own journey through Africa. The complicated rhythm of the narrative with its quotations within quotations allows us, the reader, to partly understand, if not experience, the desolate feeling of loss and isolation that Marlowe is feeling as he is travelling through the Congo. Although Marlowe claims to be sane; the way in which he speaks is often contradictory, and his thoughts seem to suggest that he suffers from perpetual paranoia. Overall, Conrad brings into being a character in Marlowe who is suffering from an, ?attitude that recognizes the unresolvable confusion of the human world, and grasps outward at anything made to appear firm or familiar--reason, God, nation, authority(Solomon, 1) For Marlowe, the point of firmness is Kurts, who he looks to with absolute adoration and searches to be at the same level. The use of Conrad's narrative is an ingenious tool to demonstrate the mindset of the men that were hired to explore Africa.

Campi Flegrei, Italy essays

Campi Flegrei, Italy essays In the shadows of the renowned volcano Vesuvio lies the volcano of Campi Flegrei. Though it is not as clearly visible as Vesuvio, it is considered on of the most dangerous volcanoes in Italy. Hazards are currently present in the Campi Flegrei area becasue of the dense population in the area and continuing unrest within the caldera and in its immediate surroundings. The Campi Flegrei is recognized for a phenomenon called "bradyseism" which is the alternating uplift and sinking of the ground within the caldera. Ther hacve been several dramatic uplifts in the past 300 years, with the most recent uplifts in the 1970's and 1980's. Two extremely violent explosive eruptions have occurred in the Campi Flegrei are during the past 50 kA, producing the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff. The most recent eruptions have not been as immense and were characterized as small to moderate. The most recent uplifts, however, have not been followed by eruptions, but have caught the attention of many people who have made concentrated efforts to better understand such elaborate volcanic systems. The damage caused by these uplifts has lead to detailed hazard assessments for those living in the vicinity of Campi Flegrei. Campi Flegrei is considered a potentially dangerous volcanic area. There are a large number of people in the area, particularly in the towns of Pozzuoli , Napoli, and several smaller surrounding villages and towns. The presence of this large population presents an immense problem to authorities and scientists concerned with the constant threat of danger. Pozzuoli is located near the Solfatara crater and above deposits of numerous past eruptions. Napoli, with a population of about two million, is situated strangely between Campi Flegrei and Vesuvio, both of which left their deposits in the city area. Napoli also has a small volcanic center in its southwest region. Though many assume these volcanic centers a ...

Chicana Feminist Writer Gloria Anzaldua

Chicana Feminist Writer Gloria Anzaldua Feminist Gloria Anzaldua was a guiding force in the  Chicano and Chicana movement  and  lesbian/queer theory.  She was a poet, activist, theorist, and teacher who lived from September 26, 1942, to May 15, 2004. Her writings blend styles, cultures, and languages, weaving together poetry, prose, theory, autobiography, and experimental narratives. Life in the Borderlands Gloria Anzaldua was born in the Rio Grande Valley of South Texas in 1942. She described herself as a Chicana/Tejana/lesbian/dyke/feminist/writer/poet/cultural theorist, and these identities were just the beginning of the ideas she explored in her work. Gloria Anzaldua was the daughter of a Spanish American and an American Indian. Her parents were farm workers; during her youth, she lived on a ranch, worked in the fields and became intimately aware of the Southwest and South Texas landscapes. She also discovered that Spanish speakers existed on the margins in the United States. She began to experiment with writing and gain awareness of social justice issues. Gloria Anzaldua’s book Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza, published in 1987, is the story of existence in several cultures near the Mexico/Texas border. It is also the story of Mexican-Indian history, mythology, and cultural philosophy. The book examines physical and emotional borders, and its ideas range from Aztec religion to the role of women in Hispanic culture to how lesbians find a sense of belonging in a straight world. The hallmark of Gloria Anzaldua’s work is the interweaving of poetry with prose narrative. The essays interspersed with poetry in Borderlands/La Frontera reflect her years of feminist thought and her non-linear, experimental manner of expression. Feminist Chicana Consciousness Gloria Anzaldua received her bachelor’s degree in English from the University of Texas-Pan American in 1969 and a master’s in English and Education from the University of Texas at Austin in 1972. Later in the 1970s, she taught a course at UT-Austin called â€Å"La Mujer Chicana.† She said that teaching the class was a turning point for her, connecting her to the queer community, writing and feminism. Gloria Anzaldua moved to California in 1977, where she devoted herself to writing. She continued to participate in political activism, consciousness-raising, and groups such as the Feminist Writers Guild. She also looked for ways to build a multicultural, inclusive feminist movement. Much to her dissatisfaction, she discovered there were very few writings either by or about women of color.   Some readers have struggled with the multiple languages in her writings – English and Spanish, but also variations of those languages. According to Gloria Anzaldua, when the reader does the work of piecing together fragments of language and narrative, it mirrors the way feminists must struggle to have their ideas heard in a patriarchal society. The Prolific 1980s Gloria Anzaldua continued to write, teach, and travel to workshops and speaking engagements throughout the 1980s. She edited two anthologies that collected the voices of feminists of many races and cultures. This Bridge Called My Back: Writings by Radical Women of Color was published in 1983 and won the Before Columbus Foundation American Book Award. Making Face Making Soul/Haciendo Caras: Creative and Critical Perspectives by Feminists of Color was published in 1990. It included writings by famous feminists such as Audre Lorde and Joy Harjo, again in fragmented sections with titles such as â€Å"Still Trembles our Rage in the Face of Racism† and â€Å"(De)Colonized Selves. Other Life Work Gloria Anzaldua was an avid observer of art and spirituality and brought these influences to her writings as well. She taught throughout her life and worked on a doctoral dissertation, which she was unable to finish due to health complications and professional demands. UC Santa Cruz later awarded her a posthumous Ph.D. in literature. Gloria Anzaldua won many awards, including the National Endowment for the Arts Fiction Award and the Lambda Lesbian Small Press Book Award. She died in 2004 from complications related to diabetes. Edited by Jone Johnson Lewis

Hyperinflation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hyperinflation - Essay Example There is great debate regarding the growth of money supply as the cause of the inflation. According to the large section of the economists, there is a strong correlation between the inflation and growth in the money supply. In that case, hyperinflation can be considered as the ultimate case of the money supply growth over the intensification in the production of the domestic goods and services. The reason behind the excess growth of money supply is relatively higher spending of money by the government in comparison to the collection of the taxes and charges. It further leads to the printing of more money to bridge the gap between the expenditures and the revenues. This excess creation of the money by the government is the root of increment of the demand in the economy which directly enhances the price level. Besides that surplus money supply can generate demand for the imported products instead of having a constraint in the foreign currency supply. Eventually it results in depreciati ng the local currency (Web Archieve, â€Å"Hyperinflation: Causes, Cures†). It has already been discussed that the paper is focused on the economy of Zimbabwe. Therefore, an in-depth analysis of the cause of hyperinflation in the nation and its effect will be demonstrated in the paper, but prior to that the global history of hyperinflation is exhibited below in a tabular format. In the above exhibited table the worst hyperinflations in the countries has been exhibited. Simultaneously, it also demonstrated a comparative analysis of the chosen country and the other countries in the world. Zimbabwe experienced hyperinflation for the first time in the 21st century. In this paper, it has been intended to produce the reliable record of the hyperinflation in Zimbabwe, which has been considered as the second highest inflation in the world history and one of the worst economic conditions in the world. Zimbabwe contravened the hyperinflation benchmark first in